In this work, the performance of the downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is investigated for two users considering optimal power allocation factors. The power domain NOMA differentiates the users based on channel gains by providing different power levels and it is demonstrated that optimal power allocation is only possible when the gain ratio is maximum. Further, the range of optimal power levels is derived for the strong user having better channel conditions. Furthermore, the outage probability (OP) has been derived for ordered NOMA in the downlink through the cumulative density function-based approach. The simulation results demonstrate the improvement in sum rate capacity for optimal power allocation as compared to random power allocation, and the OP reduces with the signal-to-noise ratio more sharply for the stronger user.
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