Factors Affecting Photopolymerization Stress in Dental Composites

Abstract

Polymerization stress development results from the complex interplay of volumetric shrinkage, reaction kinetics, and viscoelastic properties. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion, rate of polymerization (RP_max), and stress development for 2 model bis-GMA-based composites. Three irradiances were used—220, 400, or 600 mW/cm²—with exposure times adjusted to deliver the same radiant energy. Volumetric shrinkage was determined with a mercury dilatometer, degree of conversion and RP_max by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polymerization stress with a low-compliance device (Sakaguchi et al., 2004b). Results indicated that polymerization reaction rate and shrinkage were not correlated. Irradiance was directly related to polymerization reaction rate and to stress development. The group with the highest stress/degree of conversion exhibited the lowest RP_max, so it can be assumed, within the limitations of this study, that the conversion was most closely related to stress development.