Emdogain® (EMD), a formulation of Enamel Matrix Proteins (EMP), is used
clinically for periodontal regeneration, where it stimulates cementum formation and
promotes gingival healing. In this study, we investigated the in
vitro effects of EMD on rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and gingival
fibroblasts (GF). EMD (at 25 μg/mL) increased the osteogenic capacity of bone marrow,
as evidenced by ~ three-fold increase in BMSC cell number and ~ two-fold increase in
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation. The presence of
EMD in the initial stages (first 48 hrs) of the culture was crucial for this effect.
In contrast, EMD did not induce osteoblastic differentiation of GF (evidenced by lack
of mineralization or ALP activity) but increased up to two-fold both their number and
the amount of matrix produced. These in vitro data on
BMSC and GF could explain the promotive effect of EMD on bone formation and
connective tissue regeneration, respectively.
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