Tooth crown size may be determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting dental crown size and determine whether there is genetic independence between upper and lower teeth, using SMXA recombinant inbred strains of mice. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters (MD and BL, respectively) of the upper and lower first molars (M1 and M1, respectively) were measured. For each trait, mean values of substrains showed a continuous spectrum of distribution. Genome-wide scan detected QTLs exceeding suggestive threshold levels for MD of M1 (chromosomes 7, 13, and 17), BL of M1 (chromosomes 8 and 13), MD of M1 (chromosomes 7 and 13), and BL of M1 (chromosomes 3 and 15). These findings suggest that tooth crown size is controlled by multiple genes, and that there is some independence of genetic control between M1 and M1.
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