Low bone mineral density and rapid bone loss of the skeleton are associated with mortality risk from vascular diseases in post-menopausal women. Panoramic radiographic measurements are considered as indicators of skeletal bone mineral density or bone turnover. We hypothesize that such measurements may be associated with vascular disease risk in post-menopausal women. Associations of mandibular cortical shape and width on panoramic radiographs with skeletal bone mineral density and risk factors related to vascular diseases were investigated in 87 post-menopausal women. Cortical shape was associated with skeletal bone mineral density, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, resting heart rate, and endothelial dysfunction. Cortical width was associated with skeletal bone mineral density, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A1. Dentists may be able to refer women with increased risk of vascular diseases, as well as low bone mineral density, to medical professionals for further examination by panoramic findings.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barengolts EI, Berman M, Kukreja SC, Kouznetsova T, Lin C, Chomka EV -1998-. Osteoporosis and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int62:209–213.
2.
Bollen AM, Taguchi A, Hujoel PP, Hollender LG -2000-. Case-control study on self-reported osteoporotic fractures and mandibular cortical bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod90:518–524.
3.
Browner WS, Seeley DG, Vogt TM, Cummings SR -1991-. Non-trauma mortality in elderly women with low bone mineral density. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Lancet338:355–358.
4.
Browner WS, Pressman AR, Nevitt MC, Cauley JA, Cummings SR -1993-. Association between low bone density and stroke in elderly women. The study of osteoporotic fractures. Stroke24:940–946.
5.
Cohen SN, Friedlander AH, Jolly DA, Date L -2002-. Carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs: an important marker for vascular risk. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod94:510–514.
6.
Devlin H, Horner K -2002-. Mandibular radiomorphometric indices in the diagnosis of reduced skeletal bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int13:373–378.
7.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS -1972-. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem18:499–502.
8.
Horner K, Devlin H, Harvey L -2002-. Detecting patients with low skeletal bone mass. J Dent30:171–175.
9.
Johansson C, Black D, Johnell O, Odén A, Mellström D -1998-. Bone mineral density is a predictor of survival. Calcif Tissue Int63:190–196.
10.
Jorgensen L, Engstad T, Jacobsen BK -2001-. Bone mineral density in acute stroke patients: low bone mineral density may predict first stroke in women. Stroke32:47–51.
11.
Kado DM, Browner WS, Blackwell T, Gore R, Cummings SR -2000-. Rate of bone loss is associated with mortality in older women: a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res15:1974–1980.
12.
Kado DM, Lui LY, Cummings SR, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group -2002-. Rapid resting heart rate: a simple and powerful predictor of osteoporotic fractures and mortality in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc50:455–460.
13.
Klemetti E, Kolmakov S, Kroger H -1994-. Pantomography in assessment of the osteoporosis risk group. Scand J Dent Res102:68–72.
14.
Parhami F, Garfinkel A, Demer LL -2000-. Role of lipids in osteoporosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol20:2346–2348.
15.
Proudler AJ, Ahmed AI, Crook D, Fogelman I, Rymer JM, Stevenson JC -1995-. Hormone replacement therapy and serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in postmenopausal women. Lancet346:89–90.
16.
Ross R -1999-. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med340:115–126.
17.
Saito Y, Yamada N, Teramoto T, Itakura H, Hata Y, Nakaya N, et al. -2002-. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin versus pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis162:373–379.
18.
Sanada M, Higashi Y, Nakagawa K, Sasaki S, Kodama I, Tsuda M, et al. -2001-. Relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and the forearm vasodilator response to estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol37:1529–1535.
19.
Sanada M, Higashi Y, Nakagawa K, Tsuda M, Kodama I, Kimura M, et al. -2002-. Hormone replacement effects on endothelial function measured in the forearm resistance artery in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab87:4634–4641.
20.
Skalen K, Gustafsson M, Rydberg EK, Hulten LM, Wiklund O, Innerarity TL, et al. -2002-. Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis. Nature417:750–754.
21.
Taguchi A, Tanimoto K, Suei Y, Wada T -1995-. Tooth loss and mandibular osteopenia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod79:127–132.
22.
Taguchi A, Suei Y, Ohtsuka M, Otani K, Tanimoto K, Ohtaki M -1996-. Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible. Dentomaxillofac Radiol25:263–267.
23.
Taguchi A, Sanada M, Krall EA, Nakamoto T, Ohtsuka M, Suei Y, et al. -2003-. Relationship between dental panoramic radiographic findings and biochemical markers of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res18:1689–1694.
24.
van der Klift M, Pols HA, Hak AE, Witteman JC, Hofman A, de Laet CE -2002-. Bone mineral density and the risk of peripheral arterial disease: the Rotterdam Study. Calcif Tissue Int70:443–449.
25.
von der Recke P, Hansen MA, Hassager C -1999-. The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Med106:273–278.
26.
Walldius G, Jungner I, Holme I, Aastveit AH, Kolar W, Steiner E -2001-. High apolipoprotein B, low apolipoprotein A-I, and improvement in the prediction of fatal myocardial infarction -AMORIS study-: a prospective study. Lancet358:2026–2033.
