TGF-β1 released from dentin degraded by bacterial or iatrogenic agents is suspected
to influence dental pulp response, including the modulation of cell migration. To
determine the consequences of TGF-β1 action on pulp immune cells, we analyzed, by
immunohistochemistry, the effect of transdentinally diffusing TGF-β1 on their
localization in a human tooth slice culture model. TGF-β1 induced an accumulation of
HLA-DR-positive cells in both odontoblast and subodontoblast layers of the stimulated
zone. Together with HLA-DR, these cells co-expressed Factor XIIIa and CD68, two
features of immature antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC), as well as the TGF-β1
specific receptor TβRII. In contrast, no effect could be detected on the localization
of either mature DC-LAMP-positive DC or of T- and B-lymphocytes. Analysis of these
data suggests that TGF-β1 released from dentin degraded by bacterial or iatrogenic
agents could be involved in the immune response of the dental pulp resulting from
tooth injury.
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