Chaplains often express a sense of satisfaction in helping others. But their work renders them vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout. We investigated mindful self-care, comparing the experiences of chaplains and other workers. Measures used included mindful selfcare, social support, and professional quality of life. We found self-care practices did not predict the professional quality of life. Lack of supportive structures and mindful awareness predicted burnout. Compassion satisfaction might arise from other sources.
AlkemaK.LintonJ.DaviesR. (2008).
A study of the relationship between self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout among hospice professionals. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care,
4(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524250802353934
Australian-Government. (2020). National School Chaplaincy Program (NSCP).
4.
BakkerA. B.DemeroutiE.de BoerE.SchaufeliW. B. (2003).
Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
62(2), 341–356.
5.
BroughP.PearsJ. (2004).
Evaluating the influence of the type of social support on job satisfaction and work related psychological well-being. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour,
8(2), 472–485.
6.
Cook-CottoneC.GuykerW. (2018).
The development and validation of the mindful self-care scale (MSCS): An assessment of practices that support positive embodiment. Mindfulness,
9(1), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0759-1
7.
DanielS.SonnentagS. (2014).
Work to non-work enrichment: The mediating roles of positive affect and positive work reflection. Work & Stress,
28(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2013.872706
8.
DemeroutiE.DemeroutiE.BakkerA. B.VardakouI.KantasA. (2003).
The convergent validity of two burnout instruments: A multitrait-multimethod analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment,
19(1), 12–23.
9.
DiMatteoM. (2004).
Social support and patient adherence to medical treatment: A meta analysis. Health Psychology,
23(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.23.2.207
10.
DrummondS.O’DriscollM. P.BroughP.KalliathT.SiuO.-L.TimmsC.RileyD.SitC.LoD. (2017).
The relationship of social support with well-being outcomes via work-family conflict: Moderating effects of gender, dependants and nationality. Human Relations,
70(5), 544–565. https://doi.org/org/10.1177/0018726716662696
11.
EisenbergerR.StinglhamberF.VandenbergheC.SucharskiI.RhoadesL. (2002).
Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology,
87(3), 565–573.
GalleseV. (2003).
The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity. Psychopathology,
36(4), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1159/000072786
HotchkissJ.LesherR. (2018).
Factors predicting burnout among chaplains: Compassion satisfaction, organizational factos and the mediators of mindful self-care and secondary traumatic stress. The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling,
72(2), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1542305018780655
18.
HowardS.JohnsonB. (2004).
Resilient teachers: Resisting stress and burnout. Social Psychology of Education,
7(4), 399–430.
19.
KretD. (2011).
The qualities of a compassionate nurse according to the perceptions of medical-surgical patients. MedSurg Nursing,
20(1), 29–36.
20.
KrosnickJ. A. (1999).
Survey research. Annual Review of Psychology,
50, 537–567.
21.
LeiterM.BakkerA.MaslachC. (2014). The contemporary context of job burnout. In LeiterM.BakkerA.MaslachC. (Eds.), Burnout at work: A psychological perspective (pp. 1–7).
Psychology Press.
22.
LeiterM.MaslachC. (2004). Areas of worklife: A structured approach to organizational predictors of job burnout. In PerreweP.GansterD. (Eds.), Emotional and physiological processes and positive interventions strategies research in occupational stress and well being (Vol.
3, pp. 91–134).
JAI press.
23.
MaslachC. (1982). Burnout: The cost of caring.
Prentice Hall.
24.
MaslachC.LeiterM. P. (2008).
Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. The Journal of Applied Psychology,
93(3), 498–512.
25.
MaslachC.SchaufeliW. B.LeiterM. P. (2001).
Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology,
52, 397–422.
26.
NorcrossJ.VandenBosG. (2018). Leaving it at the office: A guide to psychotherapist self-care(2 ed.).
Gilford Press.
27.
O’CallaghanE.LamL.CantR.MossC. (2020).
Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses: a descriptive cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing,
48, 100785. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.06.008
28.
O’DriscollM. P.BroughP.KalliathT. J. (2004).
Work-family conflict, psychological well-being, satisfaction and social support: A longitudinal study in New Zealand. Equal Opportunities International,
23(1/2), 36–56.
29.
O’DriscollM.BroughP.TimmsC.SawangS. (2010). Engagement with information and communication technology and psychological well-being. In PerrewéP. L.GansterD. C. (Eds.), New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress, research in occupational stress and well being (Vol.
8, pp. 269–316).
Emerald Group Publishing.
30.
OliverR.HughesB.WeissG. (2018).
A study of the self-reported resilience of APC chaplains. The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling,
72(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305018773698
RaabK. (2014).
Mindfulness, self-compassion, and empathy among health care professionals: A review of the literature. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy,
20(3), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.913876
33.
RichardsenA.BurkeR.LeiterM. (2007).
Occupational demands, psychological burnout and anxiety among hospital personnel in Norway. Anxiety, Stress & Coping,
5(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809208250487
34.
RyanR. M.DeciE. L. (2000).
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist,
55(1), 68–78.
35.
RyanR. M.DeciE. L. (2001).
On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology,
52(1), 141–170.
36.
SaccoT.CiurzynskiS.HarveyM.IngersollG. (2015).
Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Critical Care Nurse,
35(4), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2015392
37.
SchaufeliW.BakkerA. (2003). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary manual.
Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
38.
Scripture-Union-Australia. (2020). Scripture Union Australia.
Resources for Ministry.
39.
SonnentagS.BayerU.-V. (2005).
Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,
10(4), 393–414.
40.
SonnentagS.KruelU. (2006).
Psychological detachment from work during off-job time: The role of job stressors, job involvement and recovery-related self-efficacy. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,
15(2), 197–217.
41.
SonnentagS.KuhnelJ. (2016).
Coming back to work in the morning: Psychological detachment and reattachment as predictors of work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,
21(4), 379–390. https://doi.org/1076-8998/16
42.
SreenivasR.WiechmannW.AndersonC.ChakravarthyB.MenchineM. (2010).
Compassion satisfaction and fatigue in emergency physicians. Annals of Emergency Medicine,
56(3), S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.200
TimmsC.BroughP. (2013). “
I like being a teacher”: Career satisfaction, the work environment and work engagement. Journal of Educational Administration,
51(6), 768–789.
46.
TimmsC.BroughP.GrahamD. (2012).
Burnt-out but engaged: The co-existence of psychological burnout and engagement.Journal of Educational Administration,
50(3), 327–345.
47.
TimmsC.BroughP.O’DriscollM.KalliathT.SiuO.SitC.LoD. (2015).
Positive pathways to engaging workers: Work-family enrichment as a predictor of work engagement. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,
53(4), 490–510.
48.
TimmsC.GrahamD.CaltabianoM. (2006). Perceptions of school administration trustworthiness, teacher burnout/job stress and trust: The contributions of morale and participative decision making. In GlendonI.MyorsB.ThompsonB. (Eds.), Advances in organisational psychology: An Asia-Pacific perspective (pp. 135–151).
Australian Academic Press.
49.
TimmsC.GrahamD.CottrellD. (2007). ‘
I just want to teach’: Queensland independent teachers and their workload. Journal of Educational Administration,
45(5), 569–586.
50.
VandeCreekL.BurtonL. (2001).
Professional chaplaincy: Its role and importance in healthcare. The Journal of Pastoral Care,
55(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002234090105500109
51.
YanG.BederJ. (2013).
Professional quality of life and associated factors among VHA chaplains. Military Medicine,
178(6), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00021
52.
YuH.QiaoA.GuiL. (2021).
Predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing,
55, 100961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100961
