Abstract
Eight participants detected and identified pop-up targets on an outdoor range from a stationary and a moving vehicle using a head-mounted display (HMD), with and without sound localization, and direct viewing as a control. A head-slaved camera mounted on top of the vehicle provided the image to the HMD. The computer controlled audio cueing appeared to originate from the location of the target. The results are that although targets were detected sooner with direct viewing from the stationary vehicle without cueing, sound localization improved target detection in all other test modes. More targets were detected and identified with direct vision than with the HMD, and from the stationary position than the moving vehicle. Workload test battery ratings show a significant increase in perceived workload with the HMD as compared to the direct vision. A test of situational awareness shows significant decreases in perceived stability and familiarity and an increased need to concentrate when using the HMD in the moving vehicle. Further, most of the participants reported a general discomfort associated with motion sickness while in the moving vehicle with the HMD. Finally, the participants rated direct viewing as more useful than the HMD, and the sound localization as being of more use with the HMD than with direct viewing.
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