Abstract
Clutter has an increasing impact on the quality of human-computer interaction, as more and more objects are represented on-screen. This study evaluated the usability of an existing, information-dense workspace, which places burdensome search requirements on its users. Direct manipulation is the standard method of search among multiple screen objects and has shown itself to be effective for point-and-act tasks. This study contrasts performance using natural language and multimodal interaction with this standard concept. The results reported here indicate that natural language is an effective search tool in a complex information workspace, because of its high level of specificity. However, regardless of its suggested merits, natural language is often criticized as being difficult to learn and utilize. The study reported here shows that users were easily able to combine modalities, natural language and direct manipulation, in a way predicted by the nature of screen clutter.
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