Artificial representations of virtual worlds are becoming more common due to advances in the technology of image generation and display systems. Application areas include flight simulation, mission rehearsal, teleoperator systems, and virtual reality systems. System developers should be forewarned that some proportion of users will experience perceptual anomalies and symptoms of motion sickness as a result of travel through virtual space.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AGARD (1988). Motion Cues in Flight Simulation and Simulator Induced Sickness. AGARD Conference Proceedings No. CP-433. Neuilly Sur Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development.
2.
CasaliJ.G. (1986). Vehicular simulation-induced sickness. Volume I: An overview. NTSC TR-86–010. Orlando, FL: Naval Training Systems Center.
3.
HaworthL.A.BucherN.RunningsD. (1989). Helmet mounted display systems for helicopter simulation. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 86–90.
4.
FrankL.H.CasaliJ.GWierwilleW.W. (1988). Modelling operator control performance and well-being as a function of simulator visual and motion system transport delays. In Motion Cues in Flight Simulation and Simulator Induced Sickness. AGARD Conference Proceedings No. CP-433. Neuilly Sur Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 12:1–5.
5.
GowerD.W.LilienthalM.G.KennedyR.S.FowlkesJ.E. (1988). Simulator sickness in US Army and Navy fixed- and rotary-wing flight simulators. In Motion Cues in Flight Simulation and Simulator Induced Sickness. AGARD Conference Proceedings No. CP-433. Neuilly Sur Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, 8:1–20.
6.
KennedyR.S.HettingerL.J.LilienthalM.G. (1990). Simulator sickness. In CramptonG.H. (Ed.) Motion and Space Sickness.Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 317–341.
7.
KennedyR.S.LilienthalM.G.BerbaumK.S.BaltzleyD.R.McCauleyM.E. (1989). Simulator sickness in U.S. Navy flight simulators. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 60, 10–16.
8.
McCauleyM.E.Research Issues in Simulator Sickness: Proceedings of a Workshop.Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
9.
PepperR.L.Human factors in remote vehicle control (1986). Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 30th Annual Meeting, 417–421.
ReganD.M.KaufmanL.LincolnJ. (1986). Motion in depth and visual acceleration. In BoffK.KaufmanL.ThomasJ. (Eds.) Handboook of Perception and Human Performance: Volume I. Sensory Processes and Perception.New York: Wiley, 19: 1–46.
12.
UngsT.J. (1989). Simulator induced syndrome: Evidence for long-term aftereffects. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine.59, 267–272.
13.
WarrenR. (1990). Preliminary Questions for the study of egomotion. In WarrenR.WertheimA. (Eds.) Perception and Control of Self-Motion.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
14.
WarrenR.OwenD.H.HettingerL.J. (1982). Separation of the Contributions of Optical Flow Rate and Edge Rate on the Perception of Egospeed Acceleration. In OwenD. (1982) Optical Flow and Texture Variables Useful in Simulating Self Motion. Interim Technical Report, Contract AFOSR 81–0078, Bolling AFB, Washington DC.
