Operator-system participation and operator-operator communication were manipulated to investigate the effects of increases in active participation on operator monitoring and problem-solving performance. 112 subjects worked as operators of a simulated process system. Operators worked in teams of two on both a monitoring task and, after the system failed, a diagnostic task. The results of this study suggest that active participation in the system improved both monitoring and diagnostic performance while reducing boredom during monitoring and stress while diagnosing a failure. Communication tended to facilitate performance of active participants but degrade performance of passive participants.
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