The effects of practice on accuracy, speed, and resource load are briefly discussed. Procedures for measuring resource load and training of high performance skills are illustrated. Analysis of task consistency and procedures for establishing the marginal utility of various training options are described. The alternatives of time-line analysis, subjective measures and multiple resource theory are commented on.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AllportD.A.AntonisB.ReynoldsP. (1972). On the division of attention: A disproof of the single channel hypothesis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, 225–235.
2.
ColleH.A.De MaioJ. (1978). Measurement of attentional capacity load using dual task performance operating curves. Interim Report No. AFHRL-TR-78-5, Air Force Human Resources Lab, Brooks AFB, Texas.
3.
DamosD.WickensC.D. (1980). The identification and transfer of time-sharing skills. Acta Psychologica, 46, 15–39.
4.
FiskA.D.DerrickW.L.SchneiderW. (1983). The assessment of workload: Dual task methodology. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society, 229–233. Santa Monica, C.A.: Human Factors Society.
5.
HartS.G.StavelandL.E. (in press). Development of a multidimensional workload rating scale: Results of empirical and theoretical research. In HancockP.A.MeshkatiN. (Eds.) Human mental workload. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.
6.
HirstW.SpelkeE.SReavesC.C.CaharackG.NeisserU. (1980). Dividing attention without alternation or automaticity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 98–117.
7.
KeeleS.W.HawkinsH.L. (1982). Explorations of individual differences relevant to high level skill. Journal of Motor Behavior, 14, 3–23.
NewellA.RosenbloomP.S. (1981). Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In AndersonJ.R. (Ed.) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10.
PewR.W. (1979). Secondary tasks and workload measures. In MorayN. (Ed.), Mental workload: Its theory and Measurement. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press.
11.
RegianJ.W.SchneiderW. (in press). Assessment procedures for predicting and optimizing skill acquisition after extensive practice.
12.
SchneiderW. (1985). Training high-performance skills: Fallacies and guidelines. Human Factors, 27, 285–300.
13.
SchneiderW.DumaisS.T.ShiffrinR.M. (1984). Automatic processing and attention. In: ParasuramanR.DaviesR.BeattyR.J. (Eds.), Varieties of attention. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press.
14.
SchneiderW.FiskA. D. (1983). Attention theory and mechanisms for skilled performance. In MagillR. A. (Ed.), Memory and control of action. New York, N.Y.: North-Holland.
15.
SchneiderW.FiskA.D. (1982). Concurrent automatic and controlled visual search: Can processing occur without resource cost?Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 261–278.
16.
ShafferL.H. (1975). Multiple attention in continuous verbal tasks. In RabbittP.M.A.DornicS. (Eds.) Attention and performance. V. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17.
SpelkeE.HirstW.NeisserU. (1976). Skills of divided attention. Cognition, 4, 215–230.
18.
UnderwoodG. (1974). Moray vs. the rest: The effects of extended shadowing practice. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26, 368–372.
19.
VidulichM.A.WickensC.D. (1985). Causes of dissociation between subjective workload measures and performance: Caveats for the use of subjective assessments. In JensenR.S.AdrionJ. (Eds.) Proceedings of the third symposium on aviation psychology, 223–228. Dayton, O.H.: Ohio State University.
20.
WelfordA.T. (1981). Learning curves for sensory-motor performance. In SugarmanR.C. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society, 566–570. Santa Monica, C.A.: Human Factors Society.
21.
WickensC. (1980). The structure of attentional processes. In NickersonR. (Ed.) Attention and performance. VIII. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
22.
WickensC. D. (1984). Processing resources in attention. in ParasuramanR.DaviesD. R. (Eds.), Varieties of Attention. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press.
