Lost in Computerl and: Functional Model-Enhanced Training and Interface Designs

Abstract

Recent research suggests that the key to effective interaction with complex systems like computers is possessing a good mental model of the system. Studies have shown that when novices are provided models and metaphors for a system, they have less difficulty learning operating procedures, recalling procedures, and devising procedural shortcuts. However, two important criticisms of these studies are: (1) they focus more on the means used to communicate a system model (e.g., metaphor) than the type of conceptual Information being communicated (e.g., functional model), and (2) their subjects have all been bright, young college students. The present research examined the effectiveness of functional model-enhanced training for a group more representative of the growing population of older, out-of-school computer users: secretaries aged 21 to 62. Text editing performance was significantly better for secretaries who received functional model-enhanced training and/or provided functional model descriptions of the text editor program. Implications for computer training and interface design are discussed.