Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Fifty-eight students at a small liberal arts college in northeastern United States participated in a study of inattentional blindness (IB) and inattentional insensitivity (IIS). IIS is the inability to detect the sensation of a salient stimulus while performing a task within a congruent sensory modality. Participants’ driving performance and situation awareness (SA) were tested in a driving simulator. Similar to previous research, IB was found to exist in about 45% of the participants who watched the Invisible Gorilla video. However, over 80% of participants displayed IIS in a tactile condition. Moreover, participants who displayed IIS showed better performance in SA. In addition, IIS participants were less likely to slam on the brakes when driving the simulator compared to participants who noticed the irrelevant tactile stimulus. Finally, it was found that participants who have high working memory (WM) are more likely to correctly count the number of basketball passes made in the Invisible Gorilla video than participants who have low WM.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Baddeley

A. D.

Hitch

G. J.

(1974). Working memory. In Bower

G.A.

(ed.). The Psychology of Learning andMotivation (pp. 47-89). New York: Academic Press.

Bredemeier

Simons

D. J.

(2012). Working memory andinattentional blindness, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 239-244.

Brown-Iannuzzi

J. L.

Hoffman

K. M.

Payne

B. K.

Trawalter

(2014). The invisible man: Interpersonal goals moderate inattentional blindness to African American, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143,33-37. doi:10.1037/a0031407

Cherry

E. C.

(1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25, 975–979.

Dattel

A. R.

Battle

A. N.

Kossuth

Bifano

Decker

Majdic

Miller

M. C.

Stefonetti

M. C.

Dever

D. P.

Sheehan

C.C.

(2013). The relationship between inattentional insensitivity of visual, tactile, and olfactory stimuli. Proceedings paper published in the 57th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 853-857, San Diego, CA.

Dattel

A. R.

Vogt

J. E.

Fratzola

J. K.

Dever

D. P.

Stefonetti

Sheehan

C. C.

Miller

M. C.

Cavanagh

(2011). The gorilla’s role in relevant and irrelevant stimuli in situation awareness and driving hazard detection. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 924–928, Las Vegas, NV.

Dattel

A. R.

Vogt

J. E.

Sheehan

C. C.

Majdic

Stefonetti

Miller

M. C.

Dever

D. P.

Borosky

Bradley

Fratzola

J. K.

(2012). The effects of pointinalut failures of inattentionalblindness on performance and situation awareness. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1094-1098, Boston, MA.

Dalton

Fraenkel

. Gorillas we have missed: Sustained inattentional dearness for dynamic events (2012). Cognition, 124, 367-372. doi.0.1016/j.cognition.2012.05.012

Dehais

Causse

Regis

Menant

Labedan

Vachon

Tremblay

(2012). Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Boston, MA. doi:10.1177/107118131256132

10.

Durso

F.T.

Dattel

A. R.

(2004). SPAM: The real-time assessment of SA A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness: Theory, Measures, and Application, 137-154.

11.

Durso

F. T.

Rawson

K.A.

Girotto

(2007). Comprehension and situation awareness. In Durso

F.T.

Nicerson

R. S.

Dumais

S. T.

Lewandowsy

Perfect

T. J.

(Eds.). Handbook of Applied Cognition (2nd ed.) (pp. 163-193). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

12.

Kane

M. J.

Bleckley

Conway

A. A.

Engle

R. W.

(2001). A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 169-183.

13.

Mack

Rock

(1998). Inattentional blindness: Perception without attention. In Wright

R. D.

(Ed.), Visual attention (pp. 55-76). New York: Oxford University Press.

14.

Most

S. B.

Scholl

B. J.

Clifford

E. R.

Simons

D. J.

(2005). What you see is what you set: Sustained inattentional blindness and the capture of awareness. Psychological Review, 112, 217-242.

15.

Most

S. B.

Simons

D. J.

Scholl

B. J.

Jimenez

Clifford

Chabris

C. F.

(2001). How not to be seen: The contribution of similarity and selective ignoring to sustained inattentional blindness, Psychological Science, 12, 9-17.

16.

Seegmiller

J. K.

Watson

J. M.

Strayer

D. L.

(2011). Individual differences in susceptibility to inattentional blindness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 785-791. doi:10.1037/a0022474

17.

Simons

(2003). Surprising studies of visual awareness [DVD]. Champaign, IL: VisCog Productions.

18.

Simons

Chabris

(1999). Gorilla in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28, 1059-1074.

19.

Strayer

D. L.

Drews

F. A.

Crouch

D. J.

(2006). A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Human Factors, 48, 381-391.

20.

Turner

M. L.

Engle

R. W.

(1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent?. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 127-154.

The Relationship between Inattentional Blindness,Inattentional Insensitivity,Situation Awareness,and Performance in a Driving Simulator

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References