Robots that collaborate with humans must be equipped with interfaces that support deeper and richer interaction. Such interfaces may involve the understanding and production of speech. This calls for an understanding of speech and natural language in various contexts. The present study investigates the preferred words and phrases used in giving directions to a robot teammate in an intelligence and surveillance reconnaissance (ISR) mission. Results indicate that participants may have had a perceptual mental model that influenced choice of words or phrases. Recommendations for future research include examining the factors that affect development of schemas when interacting with robots.
KeysarB. (2007). Communication and miscommunication: the role of egocentric processes. Intercultural Pragmatics, 4-1, 71-84. Doi: 10.1515/IP.2007.004.
9.
KingSWeimanC. (1990). Helpmate autonomous mobile robot navigation system. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Mobile Robots, 2352, 190-198, Boston, MA.
10.
KollarT.TellexS.RoyD.RoyN. (2010). Towards understanding natural language directions. Proceedings ACM/IEEE International Conferences on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 259-266.
11.
LeeS. L.KieslerS.Lau Yee-ManI.ChiuC. Y. (2005). Human Mental Models of Humanoid Robots. Paper presented at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation.
12.
MacFaddenA.EliasL.SaucierD. (2003). Males and females scan maps similarly, but give directions differently. Brain Cognition, 53(2), 297-300.
Office of the Secretary of Defense. (2013). Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap: FY2013-2038, pp. 69-71. Office of the Undersecretary of Defence for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Unmanned Warfare Division. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense.
16.
PariseS.KieslerS.SproullL.WatersK. (1999) Cooperating with life-like interface agents. Computers in Human Behavior, 15, 123-142.
17.
SchneiderM.ChenT.ViswanathanG.YuanW. (2011). Cardinal directions between complex regions. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 5, 1-45.
18.
SkubicM.PerzanowskiD.BlisardS.SchultzA.AdamsW.BugajskaM.BrockD. (2004). Spatial language for human-robot dialogs. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, IEEE Transactions, 34, 2, pp. 154–167, 2004.
19.
TellexS.KollarT.DickersonS.WalterM.BanerjeeA.TellerS.RoyN. (2011). Understanding natural language commands for robotic navigation and mobile manipulation. Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
20.
ThrunS.HahnelD.FergusonD.MontemerloM.TriebelR.BurgardW.BakerC.OmohundroZ.ThayerS.WhittakerW. (2003). A system for volumetric robotic mapping of abandoned mines. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).
21.
ThrunS. (2004). Toward a Framework for Human-Robot Interaction. Human-Computer Interaction19: 9–24.
22.
YuanW.BrunskillE.KollarT.RoyN. (2009). Where to go: Interpreting natural directions using global inference. Robotics and Automation. IEEE International Conference, 3761-3767.
