This study explores employing a measurement of implicit attitudes to better understand attitudes and trust levels towards robots. This work builds upon an existing implicit measure (Implicit Associations Test) to compare attitudes toward humans with attitudes toward robots. Results are compared with explicit self-report measures, and future directions for this work are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
De HouwerJ.Teige-MocigembaS.SpruytA.MoorsA. (2009). Implicit measures: A normative analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(3), 347.
2.
GreenwaldA. G.McGheeD. E.SchwartzJ. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. JPSP, 74(6), 1464.
3.
GreenwaldA. G.NosekB. A.BanajiM. R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. JPSP, 85, 197–216.
4.
GreenwaldA. G.PoehlmanT. A.UhlmannE. L.BanajiM. R. (2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. JPSP97(1), 17.
5.
HeerinkM.KröseB.EversV.WielingaB. (2010). Assessing acceptance of assistive social agent technology by older adults: The almere model. International Journal of Social Robotics, 2(4), 361-375.
6.
JianJ.Y.BisantzA.M.DruryC.G. (2000) Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4(1), 53-71.
7.
KarpinskiA.HiltonJ. L. (2001). Attitudes and the Implicit Association Test. Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 774–778.
8.
MerrittS.M.IlgenD.R. (2008). Not all trust is created equal: Dispositional and history-based trust in human-automation interactions. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(2), 194-210.
9.
NomuraT.KandaT.SuzukiT. (2006). Experimental investigation into influence of negative attitudes toward robots on human–robot interaction. AI & Society, 20(2), 138-150.
10.
OlsonM. A.FazioR. H. (2004). Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. JPSP, 86, 653–667.
11.
ParasuramanA.ColbyC. L. (2015). An updated and streamlined technology readiness index TRI 2.0. Journal of Service Research, 18(1), 59-74.
12.
RothermundK.WenturaD. (2004). Underlying processes in the Implicit Association Test (IAT): Dissociating salience from associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 139–165.
13.
SchaeferK.E. (2013) The perception and measurement of human robot trust. (Doctoral Dissertation), University of Central Florida.
14.
TakayamaL.PantofaruC. (2009). Influences on proxemic behaviors in human-robot interaction: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (pp. 5495-550).
15.
WilsonT. D.LindseyS.SchoolerT. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological review, 107(1), 101.