Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

As society continues to become advanced in technology, automation is increasingly implemented in systems reducing the need for human intervention. Although the system is the main focus in rendering the cognitive workload, the human's use in the system is the main component for successful performance. Trust is a prime factor in building a symbiotic relationship between human-automation interaction and further empirical research is needed to develop appropriate methods for designing trusted systems. These methods can be defined as identifying the prime factors of trust that influence the user's decision making. The focus of this paper looks at the factor of risk to determine if and how risk in a situational environment is an influencing factor of trust in automation. A Global Positioning System (GPS) was used as the automated platform, and participants went through a series of route planning sessions with varying levels of risk and hazards. It was found that as the level of risk increased on hazards, the use and trust of automation decreased.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Barber

(1983). The logic and limits of trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Bisantz

Seong

(2001). Assessment of operator trust in and utilization of automated decision-aids under different framing conditions. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28, 85–97.

Butler

J. K.

Cantrell

R. S.

(1984). A behavioral decision theory approach to modeling trust in superiors and subordinates. Psychological Reports, 55, 19–28.

De Vries

Midden

Cees

Bouwhuis

(2003). The effects of error on system trust, self-confidence, and the allocation in route planning. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 58, 719–735.

Dzindolet

Peterson

Pomranky

Pierce

Beck

(2003). The role of trust in automation reliance. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 58, 697–718.

Elofson

(1998). Developing trust with intelligent agents: An exploratory study. In Proceedings of the first International Workshop on Trust, 9–19.

Hill

Davis

Vohra

Militello

Bowman

Bowers

(2006). Human aspects of sense and respond logistics. Technical Report for contract F33615–99–D6. Fairborn, OH: Wright State University.

Jian

Bisantz

Drury

(2000). Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems, International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4, 53–71.

Jonker

Schalken

Theeuwes

Treur

(2004). Human experiments in trust dynamics. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: University of Amsterdam.

10.

Lee

J.D.

Moray

(1994). Trust, self-confidence, and operators' adaptation to automation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 40, 153–184.

11.

Lee

J. D.

See

K. A.

(2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate alliance. Human Factors, 46, 50–80.

12.

Lewandosky

Mundy

Tan

G. A.

(2000). The dynamics of trust: Comparing humans to automation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 104–123.

13.

Mishra

A. K.

(1996). Organizational responses to crisis. In Kramer

R. M.

Tyler

T. R.

(eds), Trust Organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 261–287). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

14.

Moray

Inagaki

Itoh

, 2000. Adaptive automation, trust, and self-confidence in fault management of time-critical tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6, 44–58.

15.

Muir

B. M.

(1994). Trust in automation 1: Theoretical issues in the study of trust and human intervention in automated systems. Ergonomics, 37, 1905–1922.

16.

Muir

B. M.

Moray

(1996). Trust in automation 2: Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation. Ergonomics, 39, 429–460.

17.

NY Daily News.(2009, December 29). Nevada couple stranded 3 days in remote eastern Oregon after GPS unit leads them astray. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2009/12/29/2009-12-29_couple_stranded_3_days_in_remote_eastern_oregon_after_g_leads_them_astray.html.

18.

Parasuraman

Wickens

(2008). Humans: Still vital after all these years of automation. Human Factors, 50, 511–520.

19.

Rempel

J. K.

Holmes

J. G.

Zanna

M. P.

(1985). Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 95–112.

20.

Sheridan

(2002). Humans and automation: System design and research issues. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

21.

Sheridan

(2008). Risk, human error, and system resilience: Fundamental ideas. Human Factors, 50, 418–426.

22.

Weber

E. U.

Blais

A. R.

Betz

(2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15, 263–290.

Designing for Human-Centered Systems: Situational Risk as a Factor of Trust in Automation

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References