Veridical displays represent realistic scenes. State spaces are nonveridical displays representing n-dimensional information based on arbitrary coordinate axes plus variables such as color and shading. Here, flight performance using only a veridical cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) was compared to performance augmented by a 4D state space-based collision avoidance system (CDTI+4CAS). Twelve general aviation pilots flew scenarios with the task of deviating as little as possible from course while still maintaining standard enroute separation from traffic. The CDTI+4CAS condition showed performance superiority over the CDTI-only condition for five of five dependent measures of maneuver efficiency, four of four measures of maneuver safety, and six of nine measures of workload.
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