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Abstract

This paper addresses theoretical aspects of human responses to warning systems and applies them to the responses to a clinical reminder system. The literature on warnings describes a number of responses, such as compliance and reliance, automation bias, and the “cry-wolf” effect. This paper suggests two complementary responses to compliance and reliance, named spillover and reactance, which can be placed within the framework of operators' responses to warning systems, and which altogether describe a complete set of possible responses to cues from warning systems. This set of responses is demonstrated on the example of a clinical reminder system, which mails reminders to primary care physicians regarding patients who require secondary prevention of clinical arteriosclerosis. The results mainly show evidence for compliance. Some theoretical conclusions are drawn.

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Four Responses to Warning Systems: A Case Study of Clinical Reminders

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