Comparison of the Cf Doctrinal and Applied Operational Planning Process

Abstract

Several alternative models of operational planning have been proposed that adopt an intuitive or recognition-primed decision strategy, compared to one that is analytical. Although these models have been generated from anecdotal reports and observations of planning in operational settings, a systematic comparison of doctrinal and applied planning processes has never been documented. This paper describes the work done to empirically compare the planning process, as applied during a Brigade (Bde) level exercise, to the doctrinal Canadian Forces (CF) Operations Planning Process (OPP). Observers followed and documented all of the planning functions performed by the Plans Cell using the CFOPP as a reference. Results suggest that: the applied OPP, conducted at Brigade level, is a hybrid and abbreviated version of doctrinal OPP; planning is somewhat opportunistic and involves intuitive decision making by both the Commander and Staff; the OPP, as applied in an operational setting, is a command-driven process, and, intuitive decision making at individual (lower) function level by Staff member could lead to more efficient planning. These results have implications for doctrine, training, OPP process refinement and planning tool design.