Research on aviation accidents and incidents has indicated humans are potentially the “weak link” in the chain of accident causation. The problem faced by researchers here is there is often no clear standard of determining what decision is “correct” or “incorrect“. In addition, the loose coupling of an event outcome and the decision process makes it hard researchers to use accident reports as a reliable indicator of the quality of the decision. The goal of this research is to explore cognitive processes of pilots when dealing with the types of decisions required under time pressure and with conflicting information and how pilots use information as they are performing diagnostic and decision-making tasks in the automated cockpit. Differences were found between pilots with more experience in automated aircrafts however predicted automation bias effects were non-apparent.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaumannM. R.SniezekJ. A.BuerkleC. A. (2001). Self-evaluation, stress, and performance: A model of decision making under acute stress. In SalasE.KleinG. (Eds.), Linking expertise and naturalistic decision making (pp. 139–158). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
2.
BillingsC. E. (1996). Human-centered aviation automation: Principles and guidelines (NASA Technical Memorandum No. 110381). Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center.
3.
Canon-BowersJ.A.SalasE.ConverseS. (1990). Cognitive psychology and team training: Training shared mental models of complex systems. Human Factors Society Bulletin, 33(12), 1–4.
4.
ChiM. T. H.GlaserR.FarrM. J. (1988). The nature of expertise. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
GohJ.WiegmannD. (2002). Relating flight experience and pilots' perceptions of decision-making skill. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
7.
KleinG. A. (1997). The recognition-primed decision model: Looking back, looking forward. In ZsambokC. E.KleinG.A. (Eds.), Naturalistic decision making (pp. 285–292). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8.
McKinneyE.H. (1993). Flight leads and crisis decision making. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 64, 359–362.
9.
MeansB.SalasE.CrandallB.JacobsT. O. (1993). Training decision makers for the real world. In KleinG. A.OrasanuJ.CalderwoodR.ZsambokC. E., (Eds.) Decision making in action: Models and methods (pp. 306–326). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
10.
Ministre de l'Equipement, des Transports et du Tourisme (1993). Rapport de la Commission d'Enquete sur l'Accident survenu le 20 Janvier 1992 pres du Mont Saite Odile a l/Airbus A320 Immatricule F-GGED Exploite par lay Compagnie Air Inter. Paris: Author.
11.
MorrowD.MillerL. S.RidolfoH.KellyR.FischerU.Stine-MorrowE. (2003). The influence of pilot expertise on comprehension and decision-making. 12th International on Aviation Psychology, Dayton, OH.
12.
MosierK. L.LyallE.SethiNWilsonJ.McCauleyS.HarronG.KhooL.HechtS.RichardsJ.OrasanuJ. (2003). Factors Impacting Coherence in the Automated Cockpit. In Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
13.
MosierK. L.SkitkaL. J.DunbarM.McDonnellL. (2001). Air crews and automation bias: The advantages of teamwork?. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 11(1), 1–14.
14.
MosierK. L.SkitkaL. J.HeersS.BurdickM. D. (1998). Automation bias: Decision making and performance in high-tech cockpits. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 8, 47–63.
15.
OrasanuJ. M. (1993). Decision-making in the cockpit. In WienerE. L.KankiB. G.HelmreichR.L. (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management (pp. 137–172). Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
16.
OrasanuJ.ConnollyT. (1993). The reinvention of decision making. In KleinG. A.OrasanuJ.CalderwoodR.ZsambokC. E., (Eds.) Decision making in action: Models and methods (pp. 3–20). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
17.
RandelJ. M.PughH. L. (1996). Differences in expert and novice situation awareness in naturalistic decision making. International Journal Human-Computer Studies, 25, 579–597.
18.
SarterN. R.WoodsD. D. (1994). Pilot interaction with cockpit automation II: An experimental study of pilot's model and awareness of the Flight Management System. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 4(1), 1–28. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
19.
ShanteauJ. (1987). Psychological characteristics of expert decision makers. In MumpowerJ. L.RennO.PhillipsL. D.UppuluriV. R. R. (Eds). Expert judgment and expert systems (pp. 289–304). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
20.
StokesA. F.KemperK.KiteK. (1997). Aeronautical Decision Making, Cue Recognition, and Expertise Under Time Pressure. In ZsambokC. E.KleinG. (Eds.), Naturalistic decision making (pp. 183–196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
