Abstract
An expert panel and scientific literature analysis provided data for classifying and evaluating countermeasures for transportation operator fatigue. The panel identified a set of risk factors that are common across transportation modes, and a variety of strategies used or available to reduce fatigue. Twenty such fatigue countermeasures were identified and evaluated on the basis of empirical data in the literature. Of the twenty, only six provide reasonable relief from fatigue without undesirable side effects; these include: adequate sleep, caffeine, napping, anchor sleep, trip planning, and a good sleeping environment. The remaining 14 countermeasures either produce side effects, are illegal without a prescription, are impractical for everyday implementation, or simply do not work. These latter countermeasures, such as opening a window for fresh air while driving, or stopping to exercise, are potentially dangerous, as they may lead drivers to believe they are not fatigued when in fact they are.
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