Divided Attention in Using Robotic Surgical Systems

Abstract

Current surgical robots require surgeons to divide their attention between performing the surgery and driving the robot. Our goal was to examine how this division of attention, as imposed by the new technology, affects the surgeon's performance and memory. We expected that combining the various sources of attentional demands on the robotic console would lead to better performance. Twelve subjects were tested using three interface designs: 1) LCD menu separated from operative site, 2) menu overlay on the operative site, and 3) voice control. Results showed that voice control was the fastest in delivering a command to the robot. Error rates and confidence levels were not significantly affected by the interfaces. This research has implications for designing future surgical robots to enhance the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures.