Abstract
Endoscopic surgery offers substantial advantages over traditional open surgery, but endoscopic techniques require considerable practice and have been reported to induce high levels of stress in the surgeon. Some of that stress is believed to arise because of perceptual-motor distortions associated with the endoscopic interface. Prominent among those distortions is the disruption of normal eye-hand mapping in the endoscopic environment. The present study used the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire to determine the stress profile associated with performance in a simple endoscopic simulator under varying degrees of distortion of eye-hand mapping. The results indicated distinct stress profiles associated with different levels of hand-eye mapping distortion.
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