Perceptual and Cognitive Processes and the Movement of Combat Rifle Teams in Urban Terrain at Night

Abstract

Thirty-six infantry soldiers executed a series of exercises in a study of cognitive processes that influence combat tactical performance in urban terrain. Participants with varied levels of experience conducted nighttime missions to retrieve a hostage or valuable equipment. Teams were led by a Platoon Leader and Platoon Sergeant against a defending squad. Data were obtained from interviews, overhead videos, and questionnaires. Case-based evidence was collected on impact of site familiarity, military experience, and use of night-optical devices on performance. Comparisons with previous study show the effect of a number of variables on perceptions, planning, and tactical movement. Theoretical frameworks for interpreting data include theories of Control, Recognition Primed Decision Making, and Multiple Resources. Each of these account for some aspect of actions observed and the impact of prior experience, sensory-perceptual clarity, focus of attention, and time pressure on individual and unit performance.