Synthetic agents can enrich the environment for practice of complex skills such as airborne command and control. Even in a robust simulation, however, synthetic teammates and opponents are not sufficient to train students. We identify several additional requirements for training: a well-focused curriculum, automated performance measures that drive feedback, strategies for managing real-time feedback and off-line instruction, and learning aids that provide instructional scaffolding for novice users. We describe methods of fulfilling these requirements and recommend future paths of research in the new domain of Intelligent Team Tutoring Systems.
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