This study investigated the precision and accuracy with which individuals could estimate the magnitude of submaximal, upper extremity forceful exertions over a range of tasks typical of occupational/industrial settings. Without training, the average estimation errors were 15.3, 23.2, and 11.8%Max for low, medium, and high levels of force, respectively. When subjects were first exposed to a single, maximum exertion, these error levels improved to 9.8, 14.3, and 10.6%Max. When exposed to two additional benchmarks of 25% and 75%Max, error improved further to 6.8, 11.8, and 9.4%Max.
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