Simulated Smoke Diving Activities Performed by Male and Female Firefighters

Abstract

Firefighting is considered as one of the most demanding and dangerous occupation in our society. Traditionally, firefighting has been a male dominated occupation. However, in recent decades the participation and role of females as firefighters has increased significantly. The objective of the present study was to examine physiological responses of male and female firefighters to light vs. heavy simulated smoke diving activities. A simulated smoke diving was designed and conducted. The methodological approach consisted of objective (blood pressure and Hrs) as well as subjective (mood and questionnaire) measurements. The subjects were seventeen full-time male and seven part-time female firefighters who volunt***eered to perform two separate Light vs. Heavy Experiment (LE and HE respectively), one at a time. During the LE (implemented method), subjects were asked to wear modified respiratory apparatus and using a special designed sleigh for evacuation of the injured. In the HE (females did not participate due to circumstances), males were asked to repeat the same procedures as in LE while wearing their old and heavier respiratory apparatus and to carry the injured by their conventional method (without utilizing sleigh). The results of analysis showed that, unexpectedly, the Hrs of the male firefighters during HE were significantly lower in all procedures of the work when compared with the males and females during LE. The females' Hrs were also significantly higher than males' Hrs in both LE and HE conditions. Regarding the moods, females in general reported to have significantly higher degree of control, calmness, social orientation, pleasantness, activation and extra version in the end of the experiment when compared with the males during LE and HE. The discrepancies (higher values) of Hrs during LE can be concluded and clarified by extra weight of sleigh and due to circumstances and the condition of fire house with narrow steps and gates which made it difficult and inconvenient to carry out the injured. Regarding the performance, women used a special technique in gripping and pulling the sleigh, which made it easier for them to carry out the tasks. Another interesting finding suggest that females reported higher degree of interest, motivation and task orientation than men did. This was despite females were less experienced and skilled when compared with men. Finally, the results of the study revealed that, in many respects, due to utilization method and technique the females perform the tasks at the same level as men and they did not report any inconveniences or discomfort. Therefore, special attempts should be made to encourage /motivate the women for further contribution to this occupation. The employer's image should also change positively on females' performance and capability in firefighting.