Occupational manual material handling (MMH) is generally not limited to the sagittal plane. Yet, for practical reasons, biomechanical modeling of low back loading during occupational MMH is mostly restricted to 2D. In this study, the limitations to such an approach are analyzed through quantification of the errors made during 2D analysis of 3D lifting. In addition, an estimate is given of the improvements that can be obtained using a simple method to resolve one major source of error, i.e. the error due to projection of lumbar markers onto the sagittal plane.
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