Abstract
Mixed-initiative settings involve situations where humans and computers are tasked together to accomplish a set of goals. For these goals to be successfully executed, humans and software agents must work together. This paper examines natural systems such as the brain, the immune system, population ecology, and economics for potential metaphors of facilitating collaboration. Each of these natural systems has salient common characteristics including the ability to represent collaboration as well as competition in distributed networks. This article provides an overview of an ongoing research effort that attempts to unlock these metaphors towards building computational models for planning problems in Air Force applications.
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