Crew Performance in Space: Evidence from Simulation Studies

Abstract

The operation of a permanently manned International Space Station represents a significant challenge to space agencies in the area of ensuring optimal crew performance. Interpersonal tension represents one factor that might interfere with the ability of individuals and groups to cooperate and communicate efficiently. An ongoing simulation study conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow has provided an opportunity to investigate the interaction within and between two crews with four members, living for 110 and 240 days in separate modules. One group is multinational and the other is composed of Russians. The objective is to identify factors increasing interpersonal tension and strategies used by crewmembers for dealing with such problems. At regular intervals during the confinement, peer ratings and questionnaires concerning interpersonal relationships, mood and well being are completed. After the confinement, individual interviews are conducted. Preliminary results show that two critical incidents (violence and unwanted sexual approach) have resulted in a breakdown in communication between the two crews. The crews have reported frustration with how space agencies and outside personnel have dealt with these incidents. One subject left the chambers after 60 days of confinement.