College mission statements often describe learning that is intended to transform students and communities. This study revealed that 35% of participating college students reported experiencing transformative learning as a result of critical reflection on disorienting college experiences. This study explores curricular and pedagogical interventions designed to move critical reflection and perspective transformation from the periphery of higher education curriculum into a central framework for teaching, as an act of intentionality and decision making. These interventions require substantial curriculum and assessment rethinking and redesign from faculty in teacher education programs—as well as faculty of all disciplines—in order for higher education students to earn a meaningful degree of understanding.
Apple, M.W. (1995). Cultural capital and official knowledge. In M. Berube & C. Nelson (Eds.), Higher education under fire (pp. 91-107). New York: Routledge.
2.
Belenky, M.F., & Stanton, A.V. (2000). Inequality, development, and connected knowing . In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 71-102). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
3.
Bloom, B.S. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning. In R. E. Slavin (Ed.), Educational psychology: Theory and practice (pp. 285-287). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
4.
Brookfield, S.D. (2000). Transformative learning as ideology critique. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 125-148). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
5.
Cranton, P. (1994). Understanding and promoting transformative learning: A guide for educators of adults. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
6.
Cranton, P., & King, K.P. (2003). Transformative learning as a professional development goal. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 98, 31-37.
7.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Daloz, L.A. (2000). Transformative learning for the common good. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 103-123). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Boston: Beacon.
12.
Herbers, M.S. (1998). Perspective transformation in preservice teachers . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Memphis , Tennessee.
13.
Kegan, R. (2000). What form transforms? A constructive-developmental approach to transformative learning. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 35-69). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
14.
Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning cycle. Retrieved August 15, 2004, from http://www.learningfromexperience.com
15.
King, K.P. (1997). Examining activities that promote perspective transformation among adult learners in higher education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Widener University, Wilmington, DE.
16.
Maslow, A.H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Viking Press.
17.
Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning to think like an adult. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 3-33). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
18.
Nation: College Enrollment Trends (2002, August 30). The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13-38.
19.
Pelaez, N.J. (2005). Assessment rubric. Biology for future K-6 teachers . Retrieved June 12, 2005, from http://faculty.fullerton.edu/npelaez/BIOL102/UBDrubric.htm
20.
Perry, S.A. (2000). Towards the development of my practitioner's model about learning for knowing. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 445201).
21.
Perry, W.G. (1970). College student intellectual development. Retrieved March 3, 2005, from http://www.csubak.edu/tlc/options/resources/handouts/scholarship_teaching/perrystheory.html
22.
Seidel, S.A. (2003). Biography: Spotlight—Patrick Leahy. Frontier: The Quarterly News Magazine From Share Our Strength. Retrieved July 11, 2003, from http://leahy.senate.gov/text/biography/frontier.html
23.
Taylor, E.W. (2000). Analyzing research on transformative learning theory. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 151-180). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24.
Taylor, K. (2000). Teaching with developmental intention. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 285-328). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
25.
Tillich, P. (2000). The courage to be. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
26.
Wiggins, G.P., & McTighe, J. (1998). Understanding by design. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development .
27.
Willimon, W.H. (2002). Imitate me. About Campus, 7(3), 30-32.
28.
Wurman, R.S. (1989). Information anxiety. New York : Doubleday.
