Case study examples highlight several strategies used by Bay Area Personnel Systems, a model demonstration project, to ensure the inclusion of persons with dual sensory impairments and other multiple disabilities in integrated community employment. Heterogeneous group placement, job restructuring, use of natural support, volunteerism, and social skills training are practices perceived to be particularly critical in ensuring integrated work for people with dual sensory impairment.
BarrettS.SmithA. (1986). Employment options for young adults with deaf-blindness. Washington, DC: Helen Keller National Center Technical Assistance Center.
2.
BaumgartD.BrownL.PumpianI.NisbetJ.FordA.SweetM.MessinaR.SchroederJ. (1982). Principle of partial participation and individualized adaptations in educational programs for severely handicapped students. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 7, 17–27.
3.
BellamyG. T.RhodesL. E.WilcoxB.AlbinJ. M.MankD. M.BolesS. M.HornerR. H.CollinsM.TurnerJ. (1984). Quality and equality in employment services for adults with severe disabilities. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 9, 270–277.
4.
BestC. (1986). The multisensorily impaired (deaf/blind) in the mentally handicapped population—an unknown quantity? In EllisD. (Ed.), Sensory impairments in mentally handicapped people (pp. 61–68). London: Croom Helm Ltd.
5.
BishopK.FalveyM. (1989). Employment skills. In FalveyM. A. (Ed.), Community-based curriculum: Instructional strategies for students with severe handicaps (2nd ed.) (pp. 165–186). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
6.
BrownL.ShiragaB.YorkJ.KesslerK.StrohmB.SweetM.ZanellaK.VanDeventerP.LoomisR. (1984). Integrated work opportunities for adults with severe handicaps: The extended training option. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 9, 262–269.
7.
BullisM.BullB. (1986). Review of research on adolescents and adults with deaf blindness. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America.
8.
BusseD.RomerL.FewellR.VadasyP. (1985). Employment of deaf-blind rubella students in a subsidized work program. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 79, 59–64.
9.
CampbellP. H. (1987). Integrated programming for students with multiple handicaps. In GoetzL.GuessD.Stremel-CampbellK. (Eds.), Innovative program design for individuals with dual sensory impairments (pp. 159–190). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
10.
FalveyM. (1989). Community based curriculum: Instructional strategies for students with severe handicaps (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Paul Brookes.
11.
FredericksH. D.BaldwinV. L. (1987). Individuals with dual sensory impairments: Who are they? How are they educated? In GoetzL.GuessD.Stremel-CampbellK. (Eds.), Innovative program design for individuals with dual sensory impairments (pp. 3–14). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
12.
Gaylord-RossR. (1988). Vocational education for persons with handicaps. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.
13.
Gaylord-RossR.JohnstonS.ParkH. S.LeeL.GoetzL. (in press). Social-communication and co-worker training for deaf-blind employees. Behavior Modification.
14.
Gaylord-RossR.LeeM.JohnstonS.LynchK.RosenbergW.GoetzL. (in press). Supported employment for deaf blind youth in transition. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals.
15.
GeeK.GrahamN.GoetzL.OshimaG.YoshiokaK. (1991). Teaching students to request the continuation of routine activities using time delay and decreasing physical assistance in the context of chain interruptions. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 16, 154–167.
16.
GernerM. (1986). Vocational training of individuals who are deaf-blind at the Elwyn Institutes. In BarrettS.SmithA. (Eds.), Employment options for young adults with deaf-blindness, philosophy, practice, new directions (pp. 143–164). Washington, DC: Helen Keller National Center Technical Assistance Center.
17.
GoetzL. (1987). Project CIPSSI final report. USOE model demonstration project #G008430094. San Francisco: San Francisco State University.
18.
GoetzL.GuessD.Stremmel-CampbellK. (1987). Innovative program design for individuals with dual sensory impairments. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
19.
GravesW.FerrellR. (1984). Rehabilitation and job skills development: Needs of the deaf-blind population priorities for future research. In StahleckerJ.GlassL.MachalowS. (Eds.), State of the art: Research priorities in deaf blindness (pp. 143–148). San Francisco: Research and Training Center on Mental Health and Deafness.
20.
GreenspanS.ShoultzB. (1981). Why mentally retarded adults lose their jobs: Social competence as a factor in work adjustment. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 2, 23–38.
21.
HaringT. G.BreenC. (1989). Units of analysis of social interaction outcomes in supported education. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 255–262.
22.
JensemaC. (1979). A review of communication systems used by deaf-blind people: Part I. American Annals of the Deaf, 124, 720–725.
23.
KrantrowitzB. (1989, July 10). The new volunteers. Newsweek, pp. 36–38.
24.
KregelJ.WehmanP. (1989). Supported employment: Promises deferred for persons with severe disabilities. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 293–303.
25.
La MarK.RosenbergB. (1986). The individualized transition plan. Sonoma, CA: Sonoma County Office of Education.
26.
LeeM.JohnstonS. (1990). Subminimum wage certification process. BAPS Project, Dept. of Special Education, San Francisco State University: San Francisco.
27.
LeeM.LynchK.GoetzL. (1988). Supported employment for individuals with dual sensory impairments. Paper presented at the 15th Annual TASH Conference, Washington, DC.
28.
MartinJ. (1986). Identifying potential jobs. In RuschF. (Ed.), Competitive employment issues and strategies (pp. 165–174). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
29.
MirendaP.IaconoT. (1990). Communication options for persons with severe and profound disabilities: State of the art and future directions. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 15, 3–21.
30.
MitchellR.BillingsA.MoosR. (1982). Social support and well-being: Implications for prevention programs. Journal of Primary Prevention, 3, 77–98.
31.
MoonS.GoodallD.BarcusM.BrookeV. (1985). The supported work model of competitive employment for citizens with severe handicaps: A guide for job trainers. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University.
32.
NisbetJ.HagnerD. (1988). Natural supports in the workplace: A reexamination of supported employment. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 13, 260–267.
33.
ParkH.JohnsonS.TappeeP.SimonM.WozniakT.Gaylord-RossR. (in press). Relationship and social skill interventions for disabled youth in work settings. American Journal of Mental Retardation.
34.
PumpianI.WestE.ShepardH. (1988). The training and employment of persons with severe handicaps. In Gaylord-RossR. (Ed.), Vocational education for persons with special needs. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co.
35.
RowlandC.SchweigenP. (1990). Tangible symbol systems: Symbolic communication for individuals with multi-sensory impairments. Tucson, AZ: Communication Skill Builders.
36.
RuschF. (Ed.). (1986a). Competitive employment issues and strategies (pp. 339–346). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
37.
RuschF. (1986b). On integrated work: An interview with Lou Brown. In RuschF. (Ed.), Competitive employment issues and strategies (pp. 339–346). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
38.
SailorW.GeeK.GoetzL.GrahamN. (1988). Progress in educating students with the most severe disabilities: Is there any?The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 13, 87–99.
39.
SchalockR. (1986). Service delivery coordination. In RuschF., Competitive employment issues and strategies (pp. 115–127). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
40.
ShiragaB. (1990). Integrated employment: Staffing and logistical issues. Paper presented at Annual Supported Life Conference, Sacramento, CA.
41.
SiegelS.Gaylord-RossR. (1991). Factors associated with employment success among youths with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 40–47.
42.
Siegel-CauseyE.DowningJ. (1987). Nonsymbolic communication development: Theoretical concepts and educational strategies. In GoetzL.GuessD.Stremel-CampbellK. (Eds.), Innovative program design for individuals with dual sensory impairments (pp. 16–48). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
43.
SissonL.Van HasseltV. B.HersenM. (1987). Psychological approaches with deaf-blind persons: Strategies and issues in research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 303–328.
44.
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45.
SowersJ.PowersL. (1989). Preparing students with cerebral palsy and mental retardation for the transition from school to community-based employment. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 12, 25–35.
46.
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SowersJ.PowersL. (1991b). Job design strategies and adaptation. In SowersJ.PowersL. (Eds.), Vocational preparation and employment of students with physical and multiple disabilities (pp. 111–132). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
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SowersJ.ThompsonL.ConnisR. (1979). The food service vocational training program. In BellamyT.O'ConnorG.KaranO. (Eds.), Vocational rehabilitation of severely handicapped persons: Contemporary service strategies (pp. 15–23). Baltimore: University Park Press.
49.
StainbackW.StainbackS. (1989). Using qualitative data collection procedures to investigate supported educational issues. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 271–277.
50.
Van DijkJ. (1986). An educational curriculum for deaf-blind multihandicapped persons. In EllisD. (Ed.), Sensory impairments in mentally handicapped people (pp. 375–382). London: Croom Helm.
51.
Van HasseltV.HersenM.EganB.McKelveyJ.SissonL. (1989). Increasing social interactions in deaf-blind severely handicapped young adults. Behavior Modification, 13, 257–272.
52.
WackerD.WigginsB.FowlerM.BergW. (1988). Training students with profound or multiple handicaps to make requests via microswitches. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 331–343.
53.
WehmanP. (1988). Supported employment. Toward zero exclusion of persons with severe disabilities. In WehmanP.MoonM. S. (Eds.), Vocational rehabilitation and supported employment (pp. 3–16). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
54.
WehmanP.KregelJ.ShaferM. S. (1989). Emerging trends in the national supported employment initiative: A preliminary analysis of 27 states. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center.
55.
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56.
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57.
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58.
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