This article reviews two community integration projects at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Institute for Human Development which illustrate model development across the life-span. The preschool project is aimed at successfully mainstreaming preschoolers who are handicapped with their nonhandicapped peers through the use of trained volunteers. The elderly project is directed at increasing community integration of elderly persons with developmental disabilities by using nonhandicapped elderly volunteer companions. A description of each project, including project goals, methods, and preliminary results is provided to develop a frame of reference for a comparative discussion of the strengths, weaknesses, and outcomes in these community-based demonstration projects. Three common variables are discussed: use of trained volunteers, changes in attitudes and knowledge by nonhandicapped volunteers, and measured outcomes for clients. The costs and benefits of model development are summarized.
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