Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2013-12
The Emergence of a Human Services Cooperative to Support Families and Young Adults with Disabilities: Implications for Disability Services and Supports
This paper documents the experiences of a group of parents who came together to form a human service cooperative in their local community to address the needs of their adult children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Each parent felt that their child's needs were not (or could not be) met by existing providers. Parent leaders who formed the Board of Directors of the human service cooperative were interviewed, and key themes in the emergence and growth of the cooperative were identified. Issues in the development and implementation of innovative services and supports are summarized, and implications for policy, research, and practice are outlined.
AltusD. (1995). Consumer co-ops: A resource guide for consumers with disabilities. Final report of the Co-op Access Project. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas.
2.
BauM., & HarringtonD. (2003, May/June). House calls: In-home caregivers form cooperative to provide vital service for elderly, disabled in rural Wisconsin. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/may03/mayjune.pdf.
3.
BogdanR. C., & BiklenS. K. (2006). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
4.
BraddockD.HempR.RizzoloM. C.TanisE. S.HafferL.Lulinski-NorrisA. (2013). State of the states in developmental disabilities 2013: The great recession and its aftermath. Boulder, CO: Department of Psychiatry and Coleman Institute, University of Colorado.
5.
BradleyV. J.AshbaughJ. W., & BlaneyB. C., (Eds.) (1994). Creating individual supports for people with developmental disabilities: A mandate for change at many levels. Baltimore: Brookes.
6.
BradleyV. J., & MoseleyC. (2007). National core indicators: Ten years of collaborative performance measurement. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 45, 354–358.
7.
BuntinxW. H. E., & SchalockR. L. (2010). Models of disability, quality of life, and individualized supports: Implications for professional practice in intellectual disability. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 283–294.
8.
CorbiereM., & LecomteT. (2009). Vocational services offered to people with severe mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 18, 38–50.
9.
CostaM. (1994). Mental disability and the cooperative system: Lights and shadows. International Journal of Mental Health, 23, 71–78.
GardnerJ. F., & CarranD. T. (2005). Attainment of personal outcomes by people with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation, 43, 157–174.
12.
GettingsR. (2011). Forging a federal-state partnership: A history of state and federal developmental disabilities policy. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
13.
GlazierR. (2001). The “Re-Invention” of personal assistance services. Disability Studies Quarterly, 21(2), 132–148.
14.
HammersleyM. (2000). Taking sides in social research: Essays on partisanship and bias. London: Routledge.
15.
HolburnS.JacobsonJ. W.VietzeP. M.SchwartzA. A., & SersenE. (2000). Quantifying the process and outcomes of person-centered planning. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105, 402–416.
KendrickM. J. (2009). Some lessons concerning agency transformation towards personalized services. International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 5, 47–54.
18.
KvaleS. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
19.
LemonC., & LemonJ. (2003). Community-based cooperative ventures for adults with intellectual disabilities. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 47, 414–428. doi:10.1111/j.0008–3658.2003.00033.x
20.
MeissnerH. (2011). How the shift to individualize supports gets stuck and the first step out of the gridlock. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 49, 383–387.
21.
MoustakasC. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22.
NerneyT. (2002). Understanding self-determination. In NadelL. & CohenW. I. (Eds.), Down syndrome: Visions for the 21st century (pp. 3–15). New York: Wiley Liss.
23.
NerneyT., & ShumwayD. L. (1996). Beyond managed care: Self-determination for people with disabilities. Durham, NH: Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire.
RacinoJ. A.WalkerP.O'ConnorS., & TaylorS. J. (1993). Housing, support, and community: Choices and strategies for adults with disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
26.
RamonS. (1995). Reform and the work cooperatives, a case study of immersion in the community. In ChulzR. & GreenleyJ. R. (Eds.), Innovating in community mental health (pp. 43–60). Westport, CT: Praeger.
27.
SavioM., & RighettiA. (1993). Cooperatives as a social enterprise in Italty: A place for social integration and rehabilitation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88, 238–242.
28.
SchalockR. L.Borthwick-DuffyS.BradleyV.BuntixW. H. E.CoulterD. L.CraigE. P. M. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of support (11th ed.). Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
29.
SchalockR. L.GardnerJ. F., & BradleyV. J. (2007). Quality of life for people with intellectual and other developmental disabilities: Applications across individuals, organizations, communities and systems. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
30.
SchalockR. L.LuckassonR.BradleyV.BuntinxW.LachapelleY.ShogrenK. A. (2012). User's guide for the 11th edition of intellectual disability: Diagnosis, classification and systems of support. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
31.
StarksH., & TrinidadS. B. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 1372–1380.
32.
ThompsonJ. R.BradleyV.BuntinxW. H. E.SchalockR. L.ShogrenK. A.SnellM. E. (2009). Conceptualizing supports and the support needs of people with intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 47, 135–146.
33.
TurnbullA. P.TurbivilleV., & TurnbullH. R. (2000). Evolution of family-professional partnership models: Collective empowerment as the model for the early 21st century. In MeiselsS. J. & ShonkoffJ. P. (Eds.), Handbook of early intervention (pp. 630–650). New York: Cambridge University Press.
34.
TurnbullH. R.ShogrenK. A., & TurnbullA. P. (2011). Evolution of the parent movement: Past, present, and future. In KauffmanJ. M. & HallahanD. P. (Eds.), Handbook of special education (pp. 639–653). New York: Routledge.
WalkerP. (2012). Strategies for organizational change from group homes to individualized supports. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 50, 403–414.
