Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2020-6
Body Mass of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): How Do Diet Quality and Sedentary Time Relate?
Little evidence exists on diet quality- and sedentary time-related differences in body mass index (BMI) among immigrant and nonimmigrant Hispanics/Latinos with different lengths of U.S. residence. A total of 13,962 (80.2% foreign-born) Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants aged 18 to 60 from four U.S. cities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA) underwent standardized interviews and fasting blood tests. Diet quality was total Alternative Healthy Eating Index score. Sedentary time was number of <100 counts/minute over 3 to 6 days. BMI was examined using regression models adjusted for age, income, Hispanic/Latino background, HCHS/SOL site, and tobacco use. Two three-way interactions (diet or sedentary time length of residence sex) were tested to examine health behavior-related differences in BMI among immigrant and nonimmigrant males and females. The diet length of residence sex interaction was significant (b = .005, 95% confidence interval [−.003, .008]). For a 10-unit Alternative Healthy Eating Index difference, the BMI difference was greater among immigrant females in the United States longer (0 years = .84 kg/m2; 10 years = 1.64 kg/m2). Diet-related obesity prevention efforts may start soon after migration, particularly for immigrant women.
Abraido-LanzaA. F.EcheverriaS. E.FlorezK. R. (2016). Latino immigrants, acculturation, and health: Promising new directions in research. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 219–236. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021545
2.
AdabP.PallanM.WhincupP. H. (2018). Is BMI the best measure of obesity?British Medical Journal, 360, k1274. doi:10.1136/bmj.k1274
3.
AlcántaraC.EstevezC. D.AlegríaM. (2017). Latino and Asian immigrant adult health: Paradoxes and explanations. In SchwartzS. J.UngerJ. B. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of acculturation and health (pp. 197–220). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
4.
AliduL.GrunfeldE. A. (2018). A systematic review of acculturation, obesity and health behaviours among migrants to high-income countries. Psychology & Health, 33, 724–745. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1398327
5.
BatsisJ. A.MackenzieT. A.BartelsS. J.SahakyanK. R.SomersV. K.Lopez-JimenezF. (2016). Diagnostic accuracy of body mass index to identify obesity in older adults: NHANES 1999-2004. International Journal of Obesity, 40, 761–767. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.243
6.
Ben-YacovL.AinembabaziP.StarkA. H. (2017). Is it time to update body mass index standards in the elderly or embrace measurements of body composition?European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 1029–1032. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.39
7.
BenitezT. J.DodgsonJ. E.CoeK.KellerC. (2016). Utility of acculturation in physical activity research in Latina adults: An integrative review of literature. Health Education & Behavior, 43, 256–270. doi:10.1177/1090198115601042
8.
CastellanosD. C. (2014). Dietary acculturation in Latinos/Hispanics in the United States. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 9, 31–36. doi:10.1177/1559827614552960
9.
ChiuveS. E.FungT. T.RimmE. B.HuF. B.McCulloughM. L.WangM.…WillettW. C. (2012). Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease. Journal of Nutrition, 142, 1009–1018. doi:10.3945/jn.111.157222
10.
Commodore-MensahY.UkonuN.ObisesanO.AboagyeJ. K.AgyemangC.ReillyC. M.…OkosunI. S. (2016). Length of residence in the United States is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in immigrants: A contemporary analysis of the National Health Interview Survey. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(11), 1–10. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004059
11.
DamasO. M.EstesD.AvalosD.QuinteroM. A.MorilloD.CaraballoF.…SchwartzS. J. (2018). Hispanics coming to the US adopt US cultural behaviors and eat less healthy: Implications for development of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 63, 3058–3066. doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5185-2
12.
DaviglusM. L.TalaveraG. M.Aviles-SantaL. M.AllisonM.CaiJ.CriquiM. H.…StamlerJ. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 308, 1775–1784. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14517
13.
FriscoM. A.MartinM. M.Van HookJ. (2019). Socioeconomic status and acculturation: Why Mexican Americans are heavier than Mexican immigrants and whites. In FrankR. (Ed.), Immigration and health (pp.71–96). Bingley, England: Emerald.
14.
GormanB. K.NovoaC.KimbroR. T. (2018). Migration decisions, acculturation, and overweight among Asian and Latino immigrant adults in the United States. International Migration Review, 50, 728–757. doi:10.1111/imre.12168
15.
GoulãoB.SantosO.CarmoI. D. (2015). The impact of migration on body weight: A review. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 31, 229–245. doi:10.1590/0102-311x00211913
16.
HamiltonT. G.PalermoT.GreenT. L. (2015). Health assimilation among Hispanic immigrants in the United States: The impact of ignoring arrival-cohort effects. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 56, 460–477. doi:10.1177/0022146515611179
17.
IsasiC. R.AyalaG. X.Sotres-AlvarezD.MadanatH.PenedoF.LoriaC. M.…SchneidermanN. (2015). Is acculturation related to obesity in Hispanic/Latino adults? Results from the Hispanic community health study/study of LatinosJournal of Obesity, 186276. doi:10.1155/2015/186276
18.
LavangeL. M.KalsbeekW. D.SorlieP. D.Aviles-SantaL. M.KaplanR. C.BarnhartJ.…EldeJ. P. (2010). Sample design and cohort selection in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Annals of Epidemiology, 20, 642–649. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.05.006
19.
MatteiJ.McClainA. C.FalconL. M.NoelS. E.TuckerK. L. (2018). Dietary acculturation among Puerto Rican adults varies by acculturation construct and dietary measure. Journal of Nutrition, 148, 1804–1813. doi:10.1093/jn/nxy174
20.
MazzaG. L.EndersC. K.RuehlmanL. S. (2015). Addressing item-level missing data: A comparison of proration and full information maximum likelihood estimation. Multivariate Behavior Research, 50, 504–519. doi:10.1080/00273171.2015.1068157
21.
MerchantG.BuelnaC.CastanedaS. F.ArredondoE. M.MarshallS. J.StrizichG.…TalaveraG. A. (2015). Accelerometer-measured sedentary time among Hispanic adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 845–853. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.019
22.
MurilloR.AlbrechtS. S.DaviglusM. L.KershawK. N. (2015). The role of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in explaining the association between acculturation and obesity among Mexican-American adults. American Journal of Health Promotion, 30(1), 50–57. doi:10.4278/ajhp.140128-QUAN-49
23.
PalmerB. F.CleggD. J. (2015). The sexual dimorphism of obesity. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 402, 113–119. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.029
24.
PerezL. G.ChavezA.MarquezD. X.SotoS. C.HaughtonJ.ArredondoE. M. (2017). Associations of acculturation with self-report and objective physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Latinas. Health Education & Behavior, 44, 431–438. doi:10.1177/1090198116669802
25.
QiQ.StrizichG.HannaD. B.GiacintoR. E.CastanedaS. F.Sotres-AlvarezD.…KaplanR. C. (2015). Comparing measures of overall and central obesity in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Obesity, 23, 1920–1928. doi:10.1002/oby.21176
26.
ReiningerB.LeeM.JenningsR.EvansA.VidoniM. (2017). Healthy eating patterns associated with acculturation, sex and BMI among Mexican Americans. Public Health Nutrition, 20, 1267–1278. doi:10.1017/S1368980016003311
27.
RhodesR. E.MarkR. S.TemmelC. P. (2012). Adult sedentary behavior: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(3), e3–e28. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.020
28.
RichardA.MartinB.WannerM.EichholzerM.RohrmannS. (2015). Effects of leisure-time and occupational physical activity on total mortality risk in NHANES III according to sex, ethnicity, central obesity, and age. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12, 184–192.
29.
SorlieP. D.Aviles-SantaL. M.Wassertheil-SmollerS.KaplanR. C.DaviglusM. L.GiachelloA. L.…HeissG. (2010). Design and implementation of the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Annals of Epidemiology, 20, 629–641. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.03.015
30.
SugliaS. F.SheltonR. C.HsiaoA.WangY. C.RundleA.LinkB. G. (2016). Why the neighborhood social environment is critical in obesity prevention. Journal of Urban Health, 93, 206–212. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-0017-6
31.
YoshidaY. X.SimonsenN.ChenL.ZhangL. U.ScribnerR.TsengT. S. (2016). Sociodemographic factors, acculturation, and nutrition management among Hispanic American adults with self-reported diabetes. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 27, 1592–1607.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
