Abstract
Spirituality is recognized in the U.S. occupational therapy (OT) practice framework and several practice models but it is not consistently addressed in practice. This study explored how older adults understand spirituality and which occupations they consider spiritual. This descriptive qualitative study involved interviews of 37 older adults. Transcribed interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (a) reflection was important for participants’ understanding of spirituality and spiritual occupations, (b) most participants linked spirituality to a higher being or personal values, (c) spirituality and spiritual occupations provide positive life influence, and (d) many occupations can be spiritual. Views on spirituality and spiritual occupations are individualized and often not recognized by participants. Practitioners should initiate discussions with clients related their views on spirituality and how it is enacted in meaningful occupations.
Plain Language Summary
This study sought to learn how older adults in the United States view spirituality and what activities they consider to be spiritual. Interviews were conducted with 37 adults aged 65 and above. The results of the interviews culminated in four main themes including the importance of self-reflection; that spirituality is associated with a higher being or a moral code; spirituality is a positive life influence; and that many daily activities can be experienced as spiritual. While nearly all participants reported being consciously spiritual to some degree, their definition of spirituality and associated occupations varied. Occupational therapy practitioners working with older adults should inquire as to the clients’ unique views on spirituality and incorporate personally meaningful spiritual occupations into occupation-based interventions. Supporting participation in these occupations can promote holistic health and well-being.
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