A Structured Sensory-Motor Exercise Program Improves Balance and Parent-Reported Sensory Reactivity in Autistic Children

Abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present co-occurring sensory reactivity differences and balance deficits. This randomized controlled trial examined if a 16-week sensory-motor exercise program could improve balance and sensory reactivity in autistic children. Twenty children (6–12 years) were randomized to the intervention group (n = 10) or a conventional therapy control (n = 10), and sixteen children (eight per group) completed the study. The primary outcome was balance (Berg Balance Scale, BBS); the secondary, exploratory outcome was parent-reported sensory reactivity (Short Sensory Profile, SSP). The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in balance (p < .001) and parent-reported reductions in atypical sensory reactivity (p < .001). These results support incorporating structured sensory-motor activities into therapeutic programs for ASD to enhance children’s functional balance, reduce atypical sensory reactivity, and improve their participation in daily life activities, which are critical components of occupational performance.

Plain Language Summary

How a Program of Sensory and Motor Activities Helped Autistic Children With Balance and Sensory Challenges

Many autistic children experience challenges with balance and with how they react to senses like touch or sound. We wanted to see if a specific program of structured activities could help. In our study, we tested a 16-week program of sensory and motor activities with a group of autistic children. We found that the children who participated in the program showed significant improvements in their balance compared to children who received their usual therapy. In addition, parents of the children in the program reported that their children had fewer difficulties with sensory reactivity in their daily lives. This suggests that using structured sensory-motor activities can be a valuable way to help autistic children improve the foundational skill of balance.