Mapping Robotics and Occupation-Based Practice in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Stroke rehabilitation often focuses on motor recovery, with robotic-assisted therapy showing promise in enhancing upper limb function. However, these interventions primarily target physical improvements and often neglect occupation-based practices. This scoping review examined how robotic rehabilitation aligns with occupational therapy principles by examining how real-life tasks are incorporated. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, we systematically reviewed studies published between January 2014 and July 2024 across PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. Of the 15 studies analyzed, most employed exoskeletons or soft robotic gloves for task-specific training, incorporating activities such as dressing, eating, and household chores. Hybrid protocols combining clinic-based robotic therapy with home programs were prevalent, demonstrating significant motor improvements. However, occupational performance outcomes were rarely measured, making it unclear whether motor gains translated into functional improvements. While robotic technologies hold promises for occupation-based rehabilitation, further research is needed to ensure these interventions support meaningful engagement and functional independence for stroke survivors.

Plain Language Summary

Exploring the Role of Robotic Technologies in Stroke Rehabilitation to Improve Activities of Daily Living

Stroke rehabilitation often uses robotic devices to help improve movement, but these devices typically focus more on physical recovery than on helping people perform everyday tasks (e.g., dressing, eating, household chores). This review looks at how combining robotic technology with therapy focused on real-life activities can improve both movement and independence in daily life for stroke survivors. We reviewed 15 studies from 2014 to 2024 that used robotic devices such as exoskeletons and soft robotic gloves in stroke rehabilitation. The results showed improvements in motor skills, especially in the arms. However, improving movement did not always lead to greater independence in daily activities. Many studies have used a mix of clinic therapy and home exercises. The review shows that robotic technology can help with stroke recovery, but needs to be tailored to each person’s needs and daily life. Future research should focus on improving robotic systems to help stroke survivors regain independence in everyday tasks.