Adaptation to prosthesis is important for occupation, quality of life, and participation in social life, so it needs to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Forgotten Joint Score–12 (FJS-12) in lower limb amputees. The FJS-12 was applied to 80 amputees. Criterion-referenced validity was assessed using the activity restriction subparameter of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale (TAPES). The internal consistency of the FJS-12 was high (Cronbach’s α = .943). A statistically significant very good negative correlation was determined between the FJS-12 and the activity restriction subparameter of TAPES (r = −.641; p < .001). The results of this study showed that FJS-12 is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess the adaptation to prosthesis in amputees. Evaluation of prosthesis awareness in daily living activities of amputees is important in terms of establishing occupational therapy and rehabilitation programs.
BaarsE. C.SchrierE.DijkstraP. U.GeertzenJ. H. (2018). Prosthesis satisfaction in lower limb amputees: A systematic review of associated factors and questionnaires. Medicine, 97(39), Article e12296.
2.
BayramlarK.BuminG.YakutY.ŞenerG. (2007). Validitiy of Turkish version of the amputee body image scale (ABIS). Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, 18(2), 79–83.
3.
BehrendH.GiesingerK.GiesingerJ. M.KusterM. S. (2012). The “forgotten joint” as the ultimate goal in joint arthroplasty: Validation of a new patient-reported outcome measure. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 27(3), 430–436.e431.
4.
BehrendH.GiesingerK.ZdravkovicV.GiesingerJ. M. (2017). Validating the Forgotten Joint Score-12 in patients after ACL reconstruction. The Knee, 24(4), 768–774.
BreakeyJ. W. (1997). Body image: The lower-limb amputee. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 9(2), 58–66.
7.
CancioJ. M.OrrA.EskridgeS.ShannonK.MazzoneB.FarrokhiS. (2020). Occupational therapy practice patterns for military service members with upper limb amputation. Military Medicine, 185(3–4), 444–450.
8.
DavisC. S. (2002). Statistical methods for the analysis of repeated measurements. Springer.
9.
GallagherP.MacLachlanM. (2004). The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales and quality of life in people with lower-limb amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(5), 730–736.
10.
GoyalT.SethyS. S.PaulS.ChoudhuryA. K.DasS. L. (2021). Good validity and reliability of Forgotten Joint Score-12 in total knee arthroplasty in Hindi language for Indian population. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 29(4), 1150–1156.
11.
HachisukaK.DozonoK.OgataH.OhmineS.ShitamaH.ShinkodaK. (1998). Total surface bearing below-knee prosthesis: Advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(7), 783–789.
12.
HalsneE. G.WaddinghamM. G.HafnerB. J. (2013). Long-term activity in and among persons with transfemoral amputation. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 50(4), 515–530.
13.
HamiltonD.LothF.GiesingerJ.GiesingerK.MacDonaldD.PattonJ.SimpsonA.HowieC. (2017). Validation of the English language Forgotten Joint Score-12 as an outcome measure for total hip and knee arthroplasty in a British population. The Bone & Joint Journal, 99(2), 218–224.
14.
HolzerL. A.SeveldaF.FrabergerG.BluderO.KickingerW.HolzerG. (2014). Body image and self-esteem in lower-limb amputees. PLOS ONE, 9(3), Article e92943.
15.
HudakP. L.Hogg-JohnsonS.BombardierC.McKeeverP. D.WrightJ. G. (2004). Testing a new theory of patient satisfaction with treatment outcome. Medical Care, 42, 726–739.
16.
KınıklıG. İ.DenizH. G.KarahanS.YükselE.KalkanS.KaraD. D.SercanÖ.SevinçC.ÇağlarÖ.AtillaB. (2017). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Forgotten Joint Score-12. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 4(1), 18–25.
17.
KnaepenK.MarusicU.CreaS.GuerreroC. D. R.VitielloN.PattynN.MairesseO.LefeberD.MeeusenR. (2015). Psychophysiological response to cognitive workload during symmetrical, asymmetrical and dual-task walking. Human Movement Science, 40, 248–263.
18.
LadurnerA.GiesingerK.ZdravkovicV.BehrendH. (2020). The Forgotten Joint Score-12 as a valuable patient-reported outcome measure for patients after first-time patellar dislocation. The Knee, 27(2), 406–413.
19.
LandisJ. R.KochG. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.
20.
LansadeC.VicautE.PaysantJ.MénagerD.CristinaM.-C.BraatzF.DomayerS.PérennouD.ChiesaG. (2018). Mobility and satisfaction with a microprocessor-controlled knee in moderately active amputees: A multi-centric randomized crossover trial. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 61(5), 278–285.
21.
LegroM. W.ReiberG. D.SmithD. G.del AguilaM.LarsenJ.BooneD. (1998). Prosthesis evaluation questionnaire for persons with lower limb amputations: Assessing prosthesis-related quality of life. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(8), 931–938.
22.
LittmanA. J.BouldinE. D.HaselkornJ. K. (2017). This is your new normal: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to physical activity in Veterans with lower extremity loss. Disability and Health Journal, 10(4), 600–606.
23.
LongoU. G.De SalvatoreS.Di NaroC.SciottiG.CirimeleG.PiergentiliI.De MarinisM. G.DenaroV. (2022). Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: The Italian version of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 is valid and reliable to assess prosthesis awareness. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 30, 1250–1256.
24.
LuzaL. P.FerreiraE. G.MinskyR. C.PiresG. K. W.da SilvaR. (2020). Psychosocial and physical adjustments and prosthesis satisfaction in amputees: A systematic review of observational studies. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 15(5), 582–589.
25.
LynnM. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382–386.
26.
MarxR. G.MenezesA.HorovitzL.JonesE. C.WarrenR. F. (2003). A comparison of two time intervals for test-retest reliability of health status instruments. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56(8), 730–735.
27.
MayerA.KudarK.BretzK.TihanyiJ. (2008). Body schema and body awareness of amputees. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 32(3), 363–382.
28.
MillerW. C.DeatheA. B.SpeechleyM.KovalJ. (2001). The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower extremity amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(9), 1238–1244.
29.
MurrayC. D.FoxJ. (2002). Body image and prosthesis satisfaction in the lower limb amputee. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24(17), 925–931.
30.
RamstrandN.NilssonK.-Å. (2009). A comparison of foot placement strategies of transtibial amputees and able-bodied subjects during stair ambulation. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 33(4), 348–355.
31.
RandolphM. G.ElbaumL.WenP.-S.BruntD.LarsenJ.KulwickiA.De la RosaM. (2014). Functional and psychosocial status of Haitians who became users of lower extremity prostheses as a result of the 2010 earthquake. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 26(4), 177–182.
32.
RobinsonP. G.RankinC.MurrayI.MaempelJ.GastonP.HamiltonD. (2021). The Forgotten Joint Score-12 is a valid and responsive outcome tool for measuring success following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 29(5), 1378–1384.
33.
SamitierC. B.GuiraoL.CosteaM.CamósJ. M.PleguezuelosE. (2016). The benefits of using a vacuum-assisted socket system to improve balance and gait in elderly transtibial amputees. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 40(1), 83–88.
34.
ShroutP. E.FleissJ. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420–428.
35.
SinhaR.van den HeuvelW. J.ArokiasamyP. (2014). Adjustments to amputation and an artificial limb in lower limb amputees. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 38(2), 115–121.
36.
TabachnickB. G.FidellL. S.UllmanJ. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson.
37.
TerweeC. B.BotS. D.de BoerM. R.van der WindtD. A.KnolD. L.DekkerJ.BouterL. M.de VetH. C. (2007). Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 34–42.
38.
ThienpontE.OpsomerG.KoninckxA.HoussiauF. (2014). Joint awareness in different types of knee arthroplasty evaluated with the Forgotten Joint Score. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 29(1), 48–51.
39.
ThompsonS. M.SalmonL. J.WebbJ. M.PinczewskiL. A.RoeJ. P. (2015). Construct validity and test re-test reliability of the Forgotten Joint Score. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 30(11), 1902–1905.
40.
TopuzS.ÜlgerÖ.YakutY.Gül ŞenerF. (2011). Reliability and construct validity of the Turkish version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scales (TAPES) in lower limb amputees. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 35(2), 201–206.
41.
UzunO.YildizC.AtesA.CanseverA.AtesalpA. S. (2003). Depression in men with traumatic lower part amputation: A comparison to men with surgical lower part amputation. Military Medicine, 168(2), 106–109.
42.
VermeijdenH. D.YangX. A.van der ListJ. P.DiFeliceG. S. (2021). Reliable internal consistency and adequate validity of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 after primary anterior cruciate ligament repair. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, 3, e893–e900.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
