The overall metabolic activity in platelets after vascular grafting procedure with polytetrafluoroethylene arterial grafts was studied in 18 sheep by use of microcalorimetric measurements. It was found that the heat production (P) from platelets was abnormally low in grafted animals, P=51±8 fW/cell com pared with nongrafted controls, P=60±11 fW/cell, p < 0.001 (fW = 10-15 W). When low molecular weight dextran (LMWD) was given, a significantly higher heat production was observed, P =132 ± 6 fW/cell, thus suggesting a direct platelet effect by the dextran. Platelet aggregation response was decreased after grafting without statistically significant differences between grafted control ani mals and LMWD-treated animals. After the grafting procedure, a drop in platelet count was noted, but it was less pronounced in the LMWD-treated group.