In-Hospital Outcomes of Type A Aortic Dissection Repair in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population Study of National Inpatient Sample From 2015 to 2020

Abstract

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a recognized risk factor for aortic dissection development due to its association with arterial hypertension, negative intrathoracic pressures during respiratory efforts, and further development of aortic false lumen. However, the impact of OSA on the outcomes of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a population-based analysis of the impact of OSA on in-hospital outcomes following TAAD repair.

Methods

Patients who underwent TAAD repair were identified in National Inpatient Sample from the last quarter of 2015-2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were employed to compare the in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without OSA, where demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, primary payer status, and transfer-in status were adjusted for.

Results

There were 465 (10.86%) and 3817 (89.14%) patients with and without OSA who underwent TAAD repair. Patients with and without OSA had comparable in-hospital mortality (9.89% vs 15.75%, aOR = 0.744, 95 CI = 0.535-1.035, P = .08). Patients with OSA had a higher risk of diaphragmatic paralysis (0.86% vs 0.21%, aOR = 4.821, 95 CI = 1.405-16.539, P = .01) but lower risks of pericardial complications (12.04% vs 19.02%, aOR = 0.675, 95 CI = 0.501-0.909, P = .01) and cardiogenic shock (11.40% vs 18.21%, aOR = 0.643, 95 CI = 0.472-0.875, P = .01). All other in-hospital outcomes were comparable.

Conclusion

While OSA is a known risk factor for the development of TAAD, it does not appear to significantly affect short-term surgical outcomes. Future research should focus on stratifying OSA by duration and severity and examining the long-term prognosis of these patients.