Effectiveness of Unsupervised Exercise Therapy After Endovascular Treatment for an Iliac Occlusive Lesion

Abstract

Objective

Exercise therapy has acceptable outcomes for patients with intermittent claudication (IC), but there are few reports on the results of continuous unsupervised exercise therapy after endovascular treatment (EVT) for an iliac lesion. The aim of this study is to analyze the long-term outcomes of unsupervised exercise therapy for patients after EVT.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in 76 patients (93 limbs) with IC who underwent iliac EVT from 2012 to 2020 at our hospital. Maintenance of unsupervised exercise therapy was evaluated at 6 months after EVT. Long-term outcomes such as primary patency, clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), survival, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared between patients who continued (cET group) or discontinued (dET group) unsupervised exercise therapy.

Results

A total of 28 patients (37%) continued unsupervised exercise therapy until 6 months after EVT for an iliac lesion. There were no differences in patient background and procedural details between the cET and dET groups. The follow-up rate was 96% in a median follow-up period of 35 [25 – 42] months. The mean exercise time in the cET group was 52 ± 18 minutes daily, with a mean frequency of 5.8 ± 1.1 days per week. The median step count in the cET group was 5559 ± 2908 steps daily. At 3 years, the cET group had significantly higher rates for primary patency (97% vs 71%, P = .002), and freedom from CD-TLR (97% vs 79%, P = .007); and a tendency for higher survival (100% vs 94%, P = .074), and higher freedom from MACE (89% vs 73%, P = .12).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggested superior long-term outcomes, including primary patency, freedom from CD-TLR, survival, and freedom from MACE, in patients who maintained continuous unsupervised exercise therapy after EVT.