External Carotid Artery-Jugular Vein Fistula Caused by Blunt Trauma: A Case Report & Literature Review

Abstract

Acquired carotid-jugular fistula usually occurs due to neck stab wounds, gunshots, or central vein catheterization. Blunt trauma is a rare cause. These cases usually present with pulsatile swelling, tinnitus, and continued thrills in the neck. Both surgical and endovascular options have been used to manage these fistulas. Coil embolization is also applied in high-flow fistulas. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman free of any pre-existing medical conditions, presenting with a fistula between the external carotid artery and external jugular vein distally and with a high flow. She was treated with fistula embolization using coils while limiting the high flow via a balloon in the jugular vein. Our case highlights the possibility of using coils in high-flow fistulas in anatomically challenging fistulas. Furthermore, relevant literature review is presented to recapitulate unique features and effective management of carotid-jugular fistulas.