Michel De Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988).
2.
M. CristineBoyer, Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning ( Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983); Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith ( Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1992); Lisa Peattie, Planning: Rethinking Ciudad Guayana ( Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1987).
3.
De Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, 93.
4.
Some classics of the genre include Maria Balshaw and Liam Kennedy, ed., Urban Space and Representation (London: Pluto Press, 2000); Dana Brand, The Spectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century American Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Giuliana Bruno, Streetwalking on a Ruined Map: Cultural Theory and the City Films of Elvira Notari (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993); Jonathan Crary, Techniques of the Observer: Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1990); T. J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1999).
5.
John Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965).
6.
Margaret Crawford , ‘‘Contesting the Public Realm: Struggles Over the Public Space in Los Angeles,’’Journal of Architectural Education49 ( 1995); see also Michael Brill, ‘‘Transformation, Nostalgia, and Illusion in Public Life and Public Place,’’ in Public Places and Spaces, ed. I. Altman and E. Zube (New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1989).
7.
James Elkins, Visual Studies: A Skeptical Introduction (New York, NY : London: Routledge, 2003).
8.
Although see Lawrence J. Vale and Sam Bass Warner, ed., Imaging the City: Continuing Struggles and New Directions (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 2001).
