Review Essay: Railroads and Metropolitan Form

See, for example, Matthew Lassiter , "The New Suburban History II: Political Culture and Metropolitan Space," Journal of Planning History 4, no. 1 ( 2005); Amanda Seligman , "The New Suburban History ," Journal of Planning History 3, no. 4 (2004). The MPO structure was created by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973.

Robert Fishman , "The Fifth Migration," Journal of the American Planning Association 71, no. 4 (2005); Myron Orfield , Metropolitics: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1997); David Rusk , Cities Without Suburbs ( Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1995). Recent books that discuss the prominence of designers in the formative years of the planning profession include Jon Peterson , The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840-1917 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003); Carl Smith , The Chicago Plan: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006); Andres Duany , Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk , and Jeff Speck , Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream ( New York: North Point Press, 2000 ); William Fulton and Peter Calthorpe , The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001).

Kenneth Jackson , Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1985); Sam Bass Warner, Jr. , Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900, 2nd ed. ( Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press , 1978). For example, recent scholarship on Los Angeles has illuminated Olmstedian planning schemes that might mitigate natural disasters in Southern California. Mike Davis , Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster (New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998); Greg Hise and William Deverell , Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000).

Ann Durkin Keating , Chicagoland: City and Suburbs in the Railroad Age ( Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2005 ), 89.

Sam Bass Warner, Jr., for example, also acknowledged the importance of the relationship between local historians and academic historians in Streetcar Suburbs and has maintained an active relationship with public historians throughout his career. Warner, Jr. , Streetcar Suburbs; Keating, Chicagoland: City and Suburbs in the Railroad Age, 54, 134-35.

Keating, Chicagoland: City and Suburbs in the Railroad Age, 172.

John Henry Hepp IV , The Middle-Class City: Transforming Space and Time in Philadelphia, 1876-1926 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003), 7, 8, 11, 12.

Ibid., 89, 92.

Ibid., 69.

Max Page , The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900-1940 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); David Scobey , Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape ( Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002).

Hilary Ballon , New York's Pennsylvania Stations ( New York: W. W. Norton, 2001), 35. Ballon singles out the New York Herald's condemnation of the area prior to the rail development, for example.

Ibid., 53.

Ibid., 93-105.

Ibid., 111-49, Nathan Glazer , From A Cause to a Style: Modernist Architecture's Encounter with the American City (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 146-62.

David M. Young , The Iron Horse and the Windy City: How Railroads Shaped Chicago (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University, 2005), vii.

Ibid., 4, 137-68, 187-88. William Cronon , Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991).

Hepp IV, Middle-Class City, 8.