This study highlights Latino/a first-generation students by investigating the associations of stress, depression, and social isolation with family and friend social support in their college experiences. Using random sampling, nine-hundred and seven (N = 907) Latino/a first-generation students participated in this study. Results indicated family social support is negatively associated with stress and depression, social support from friends is negatively associated with social isolation, and family social support is a moderator of stress and depression.
ArbonaC.JimenezC. (2014). Minority stress, ethnic identity, and depression among Latino/a college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034914
2.
ArevaloI.SoD.Mcnaughton-CassillM. (2016). The role of collectivism among Latino American college students. Journal of Latinos and Education, 15(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2015.1045143
3.
AvenevoliS.SwendsenJ.HeJ.BursteinM.MerikangasK. R. (2015). Major depression in the national comorbidity survey adolescent supplement: Prevalence, correlates, and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.010
4.
BalajiA. B.ClaussenA. H.SmithD. C.VisserS. N.MoralesM. J.PerouR. (2007). Social support networks and maternal mental health and well-being. Journal of Women’s Health, 16(10), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.CDC10
5.
BaldwinD. R.ChamblissL. N.TowlerK. (2003). Optimism and stress: An African American college student perspective. College Student Journal, 37(2), 276–286.
6.
BodenK. (2011). Perceived academic preparedness of first-generation Latino college students. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 10(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192711402211
7.
CalveteH.Connor-SmithJ.K. (2006). Perceived social support, coping, and symptoms of distress in American and Spanish students. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 19(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800500472963
8.
CamachoA.GonzalezP.BuelnaC.EmoryK. T.TalaveraG. A.CastanedaS. F.EspinozaR. A.HowardA. G.PerreiraK. M.IsasiC. R.DaviglusM. L.RoeschS. C. (2015). Anxious-depression among Hispanic/Latinos from different backgrounds: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(11), 1669–1677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1120-4
9.
CamachoA.TarrafW.JimenezD. E.GalloL. C.GonzalezP.KaplanR. C.LamarM.KhambatyT.ThyagarajanB.PerreiraK. M.HernandezR. (2018). Anxious-depression and neurocognition among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults: Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) results. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(2), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.002
ChiangL.HunterC.YehC. (2004). Coping attitudes, sources, and practices among Black and Latino college students. Adolescence, 39(156), 793–815. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15727415
ConwayK. M. (2010). Educational aspirations in an urban community college: Differences between immigrant and native student groups. Community College Review, 37(3), 209–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552109354626
CutronaC. E. (1990). Stress and social support in search of optimal matching. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1990.9.1.3
18.
CutronaC. E.ColeV.ColangeloN.AssoulineS. G.RusselD. W. (1994). Perceived parental social support and academic achievement: An attachment theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.369
19.
DarlingR. A. (1999). The experience of rural, southern Appalachian first-generation college students at a university: A narrative study (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
20.
DeatherageS.Servaty-SeibH. L.AksozI. (2013). Stress, coping, and Internet use of college students. Journal of American College Health, 62(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.843536
21.
DennisJ.PhinneyJ.ChuatecoL. (2005). The role of motivation, parental support, and peer support in the academic success of ethnic minority first-generation college students. Journal of College Student Development, 46(3), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2005.0023
22.
GloriaA. M.CastellanosJ. (2012). Desafíos y bendiciones: A multiperspective examination of the educational experiences and coping responses of first-generation college Latina students. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 11(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192711430382
23.
HammenC.HenryR.DaleyS. E. (2000). Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 782–787. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.782
24.
HeikkinenR.KauppinenM. (2004). Depressive symptoms in late life: A 10-year follow-up. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 38(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2003.10.004
HillR. M.RooneyE. E.MooneyM. A.KaplowJ. B. (2017). Links between social support, thwarted belongingness, and suicide ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students. Journal of Family Strengths, 17(2), 6. https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs/vol17/iss2/6/
KawachiI.BerkmanL. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 78(3), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.3.458
30.
LakeyB.CroninA. (2008). Low social support and major depression. In DobsonK. S.DozoisD. J. A. (Eds.), Risk factors in depression (pp. 385–408). Elsevier Academic Press.
31.
LazarusR. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill.
32.
LazarusR. S.FolkmanS. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
33.
LazarusR. S.FolkmanS. (1986). Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In AppleyM. H.TrumbullR. (Eds.), Dynamics of stress (pp. 63–80). Plenum.
34.
LipsonS. K.LattieE. G.EisenbergD. (2019). Increased rates of mental health service utilization by US college students: 10-year population-level trends (2007–2017). Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 60–63.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332
35.
LondonH. B. (1989). Breaking away: A study of first-generation college students and their families. American Journal of Education, 97(2), 144–170. https://doi.org/10.1086/443919
36.
LovibondS. H.LovibondP. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.) Psychology Foundation.
37.
MaleckiC. K.DemaryM. K. (2002). Measuring perceived social support: Development of the child and adolescent social support scale (CASSS). Psychology in the Schools, 39(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10004
38.
MichelR.DurdellaN. (2018). Exploring Latino/a college students’ transition experiences: An ethnography of social preparedness and familial support. Journal of Latinos and Education, 18(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2017.1418356
39.
NockM. K.HwangI.SampsonN. A.KesslerR. C. (2010). Mental disorders, comorbidity and suicidal behavior: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(8), 868–876. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.20190530012356
40.
OswaltS. B.LedererA. M.Chestnut-SteichK.DayC.HalbritterA.OrtizD. (2020). Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015. Journal of American College Health, 68(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1515748
41.
ParkY.SprungJ. M. (2013). Work–school conflict and health outcomes: Beneficial resources for working college students. Journal of occupational health psychology, 18(4), 384. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033614
42.
PascarellaE.TerenziniP. (2005). How college affects students (Vol. 2): A third decade of research. Jossey-Bass.
43.
PhinneyJ.DennisJ.GutierrezD. (2005). College orientation profiles of Latino students from low socioeconomic backgrounds: A cluster analytic approach. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 27(4), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986305280692
44.
PösselP.BurtonS. M.CauleyB.SawyerM. G.SpenceS. H.SheffieldJ. (2017). Associations between social support from family, friends, and teachers and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(2), 398–412. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-017-0712-6
45.
Van PraagH. M. (2004). Can stress cause depression?Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 28(5), 891–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.031
46.
RendonL. I. (1992). From the barrio to the academy: Revelations of a Mexican American “scholarship girl.”New Directions for Community Colleges, 80, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.36819928007
SchwitzerA. M.GriffinO. T.AncisJ. R.ThomasC. R. (1999). Social adjustment experiences of African American college students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77, 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02439.x
49.
StebletonM.SoriaK.HuesmanR. (2014). First-generation students’ sense of belonging, mental health, and use of counseling services at public research universities. Journal of College Counseling, 17(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00044.x
50.
SunC. J.MaA.TannerA. E.MannL.ReboussinB. A.GarciaM.AlonzoJ.RhodesS. D. (2016). Depressive symptoms among Latino sexual minority men and Latina transgender women in a new settlement state: the role of perceived discrimination. Depression research and treatment, 2016, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4972854
51.
TerenziniP. T.SpringerL.YaegerP. M.PascarellaE. T.NoraA. (1996). First-generation college students: Characteristics, experiences, and cognitive development. Research in Higher Education, 37, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2012.666735
ThoitsP. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next?Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 53–79. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2626957
54.
ThoitsP. (2011). Perceived social support and the voluntary, mixed, or pressured use of mental health services. Society and Mental Health, 1(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156869310392793
55.
TintoV. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
56.
TintoV. (1999). Adapting learning communities to the needs of development education students. Paper presented at the National Center for Postsecondary Improvement, Stanford University.
57.
TintoV. (2006). Research and practice of student retention: What next?Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, & Practice, 8, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2190/4YNU-4TMB-22DJ-AN4W
58.
TorresV. (2003). Influences on ethnic identity development of Latino college students in the first two years of college. Journal of college student development, 44(4), 532–547. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2003.0044
TurnerR. J.BrownR. L. (2010). Social support and mental health. A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems, 2, 200–212.
ViewegW. V. R.HasnainM.MezukB.LevyJ. R.LesnefskyE. J.PandurangiA. K. (2011). Depression, stress, and heart disease in earthquakes and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The American journal of medicine, 124(10), 900–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.04.009
63.
VillanovaP.BownasD. A. (1984). Dimensions of college student stress. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 262690.
64.
WangX. (2016). Subjective well-being associated with size of social network and social support of elderly. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 1037–1042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314544136
65.
WeiM.LiaoK. Y.ChaoR. C.MallinckrodtB.TsaiP.Botello- ZamarronR. (2010). Minority stress, perceived bicultural competence, and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020790
66.
WilliamsonJ. A.O’HaraM. W. (2017). Who gets social support, who gives it, and how it’s related to recipient’s mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(10), 1355–1377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217711936