The article examines the status of leadership in two California public higher education systems: California State University (CSU) and the University of California (UC) from 2001 to 2009. Findings reveal that the representation of Latina/o faculty and administrators does not reflect the density in the Latina/o undergraduate student and general population. The level of success in hiring faculty and administrators within the two California public higher education systems is analyzed.
AlgerJ. R.CarrascoG. P. (1997, August). The role of faculty in achieving and retaining a diverse student population. Paper presented at the AACRAO Policy Summit, Denver, CO.
2.
AntonioA. L. (2000). Faculty of color and scholarship transformed: New arguments for diversifying faculty. Diverse Digest, 3(2), 6-7.
3.
BerlakA.MoyendaS. (2001). Taking it personally: Racism in the classroom from kindergarten to college. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
4.
California Department of Education. (2010, October22). Table: 2000 and 2010 Statewide Enrollment by Ethnicity. Retrieved March 1, 2012, from http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/
5.
California Post Secondary Education Committee. (n.d.). Table: High School Graduates Latino as a Percent of Total, 1995-2009. Retrieved March 1, 2012, from http://www.cpec.ca.gov/
6.
Children Now. (2010). California report card 2010: Setting the agenda for children. Oakland, CA: Author.
7.
ColeS.BarberE. G. (2003). Increasing faculty diversity: The occupational choices of high achieving minority students. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8.
CorriganM. (2002). The American college president: 2002 edition. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
9.
Delgado-RomeroE. A.FloresL.GloriaA.ArredondoP.CastellanosJ. (2003). The majority in the minority: Developmental career challenges for Latina/o and Latina psychology faculty. In CastellanosJ.JonesL. (Eds.), The majority in the minority: Retaining Latina/o faculty, administrators, and students in the 21st century (pp. 257-283). Sterling, VA: Stylus Books.
10.
Digest of Education Statistics. (2010). Employees in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, employment status, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 2009. Table 256. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_256.asp
GarcíaM. (Ed.). (2000). Succeeding in an academic career: A guide for faculty of color. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
14.
GutierrezM.CastanedaC.KatsinasS. G. (2002). Latina/o leadership in community colleges: Issues and challenges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 26, 297-314.
15.
HagedornL. S.ChiW. Y.CepedaR. M.McLainM. (2007). An investigation of critical mass: The role of Latina/o representation in the success of urban community college students. Research in Higher Education, 4, 73-91.
16.
HarveyW. B. (2003). Minorities in higher education annual status report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
17.
HarveyW. B.AndersonE. L. (2005). Minorities in higher education: 2003-2004. Twenty-first annual status report. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
18.
KerrC. (1994). The California master plan for higher education of 1960: An ex ante view. In KerrC.GadeM.KawaokaM. (Eds.), Higher education cannot escape history: Issues for the twenty-first century (pp. 111-128). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Kluwer.
19.
KingJ. E.GomezG. G. (2008). On the Pathway to the Presidency: Characteristics of Higher Education’s Senior Leadership. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
20.
KnappL. G.Kelly-ReidJ. E.WhitmoreR. W.MillerE. (2007). Employees in postsecondary institutions, fall 2005, and salaries of full-time instructional faculty, 2005-06 (NCES 2007-150). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
21.
Ladson-BillingsG. (1994). The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
22.
LeónD. J.NevarezC. (2006, October). Chicano Latina/o intersegmental convocation declaration: Promoting Latina/o faculty and senior-level administrators. Paper presented at the 2006 Chicano/Latina/o Convocation Policy Summit, Sacramento, CA.
23.
LeubsdorfB. (2006). Boomers’ retirement may create talent squeeze. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(2), A51. Retrieved on February 9, 2012, from http://chronicle.com/weekly/v53/i02/02a05101.htm
24.
LopezA. F.SchultzR. E. (1980). Role conflict of Chicano administrators in community colleges. Community College Review, 7(3), 50-55.
25.
MoserK. (2008). California’s community colleges struggle to recruit and retain president: As many 2-year chiefs near retirement, the leadership void could become a national problem. Chronicle of Higher Education, 55(13), B7. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i13/13b00701.htm
Nieves-SquiresS. (1991). Hispanic women: Making their presence on campus less tenuous. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
28.
RossM.GreenM. F.HendersonC. (1993). The American college president. Washington, DC: Center for Educational Leadership, American Council of Education.
29.
SantiagoI. S. (1996). Increasing the Latina/o leadership pipeline: Institutional and organizational strategies. In BowenR. C.MullerG. H. (Eds.), New directions for community colleges, no. 94 (Vol. 24, pp. 25-38). Los Angeles, CA: Jossey-Bass.
30.
SantosJ. L.SaénzV. (2013). In the eye of the perfect storm: The convergence of policy and Latina/o trends in access and financial concerns, 1975-2008. Educational Policy.
31.
SchoemD.FrankelL.ZunigaX.LewisE. A. (Eds.). (1993). Multicultural teaching in the university. Westport, CT: Praeger.
32.
SedlacekW. E.FuertesJ. N. (1993). Barriers to the leadership development of Hispanics in higher education. NASPA Journal, 30(4), 277-283.
33.
ShultzC. (2001). The critical impact of impending retirements on community college leadership. American Association of Community Colleges, Research Brief, No. 1.
34.
SmithD. G.MorenoJ. F. (2006, September29). Hiring the next generation of professors: Will myths remain excuses?Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(6), B22.
35.
StanleyC. A. (2006). Coloring the academic landscape: Faculty of color breaking the silence in predominantly White colleges and universities. American Educational Research Journal, 43, 701-736.
36.
TatumB. D. (1997). Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race. New York, NY: Basic Books.
37.
TurnerC. S. V.MyersS. L. (2000). Faculty of color in academe: Bittersweet success. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
38.
UmbachP. D. (2006). The contribution of faculty of color to undergraduate education. Research in Higher Education, 47, 317-345.
UrrietaL.Méndez BenavídezL. (2007). Community commitment and activist scholarship: Chicana/o professors and the practice of consciousness. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 6, 222-236.
41.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010: California. Retrieved March 1, 2012, from http://factfinder2.census.gov
42.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2005). Table 224. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, residency status, sex, employment status, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 2003. Retrieved February 8, 2012, from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_224.asp
43.
U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2009). IPEDS enrollment survey [Data file]. Retrieved on February 9, 2012, from http://nces.ed.gov/quicktables/
44.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). Digest of Education Statistics, 2011 (NCES 2012-001), Chapter 3.
45.
VargasL. (Ed.). (2002). Women faculty of color in the White classroom: Narratives on the pedagogical implications of teacher diversity. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
46.
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. (2008). Knocking at the college door: Projections of high school graduates by state and race/ethnicity, 1992 to 2022. Boulder, CO: Author.
