This article deals with controversial issues in recruitment of Latino/a faculty in higher education in the United States. The authors present a hypothetical faculty hiring case scenario that they follow throughout the manuscript. Through this case scenario, they examine aspects of Latino/a identity, Latino/a demographics in higher education, and the interaction of Latino/a faculty dimensions that interact with faculty search committee expectations. They highlight implications for hiring and retention.
Alger, J. R. (2000). How to recruit and promote minority faculty: Start by playing fair. Black Issues in Higher Education, 17(20), 160-163.
2.
Allen, W. R., Epps, E. G., Guillory, E. A., Suh, S. A., Bonous-Hammarth, M., & Stassen, M. L. A. (2002). Outsiders within: Race, gender and faculty status in U.S. higher education. In W. A. Smith, P. G. Altbach, & K. Lomotey (Eds.), The racial crisis in American higher education: Continuing challenges for the twenty-first century (Rev. ed., pp. 189-220). Albany: State University of New York Press.
3.
Badgett, M. V. L. (1996). Employment and sexual orientation: Disclosure and discrimination in the workplace. In A. L. Ellis & E. D. B. Riggle (Eds.), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services (pp. 29-51). New York: Haworth.
4.
Barret, B., & Logan, C. (Eds.). (2002). Counseling gay men and lesbians: A practice primer. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
5.
Brayboy, B. M. J. (2003). The implementation of diversity in predominantly White colleges and universities. Journal of Black Studies, 34(1), 72-86.
6.
Chapa, J. (in press). Preparing a future professoriate to successfully teach California's and the nation's Latino and African American students. In P. Gandara, C. Horn, & G. Orfield (Eds.), Expanding opportunities in higher education. New York: State University of New York Press.
7.
Cole, S., & Barber, E. (2003). Increasing faculty diversity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8.
Comas-Díaz, L. (1997). Mental health needs of Latinos with professional status. In J. G. García & M. C. Zea (Eds.), Psychological interventions and research with Latino populations (pp. 142-165). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
9.
de los Santos, A. G., & de los Santos, G. E. (2003). Hispanic-serving institutions in the 21st century: Overview, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 2, 377-391.
10.
Delgado, R. (1989). Storytelling for oppositionists and others: A plea for narrative. Michigan Law Review, 87, 2411-2441.
11.
Delgado, R. (2004). Book review essay: Locating Latinos in the field of civil rights. Texas Law Review, 83, 489-523.
12.
Delgado-Romero, E. A., Flores, L., Gloria, A., Arredondo, P., & Castellanos, J. (2003). Developmental career challenges for Latino and Latina psychology faculty. In L. Jones & J. Castellanos (Eds.), The majority in the minority: Retaining Latina/o faculty, administrators, and students in the 21st century(pp. 257-283). Sterling, VA: Stylus Books.
13.
Ellis, A. L. (1996). Sexual identity issues in the workplace: Past and present. In A. L. Ellis & E. D. B. Riggle (Eds.), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services(pp. 1-13). New York: Haworth.
14.
Espinoza, L., & Harris, A. P. (2000). Embracing the tar-baby: LatCrit theory and the sticky mess of race. In R. Delgado & J. Stefancic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge(pp. 440-447). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
15.
Fenelon, J. (2003). Race, research, and tenure: Institutional credibility and the incorporation of African, Latino and Indian faculty. Journal of Black Studies, 34, 87-100.
16.
Friskopp, A., & Silverstein, S. (1995). Straight jobs gay lives: Gay and lesbian professionals, the Harvard Business School, and the American work place. New York: Scribner.
17.
Garza, H. (1993). Second class academics: Chicano/Latino faculty in U.S. universities. In J. Gainen & R. Boice (Eds.), Building a diverse faculty. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
18.
Gelberg, S., & Chojnacki, J. T. (1996). Career and life planning with gay, lesbian, & bisexual persons. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
19.
Guanipa, C., Santa-Cruz, R. M., & Chao, G. (2003). Retention, tenure, and promotion of Hispanic faculty in colleges of education: Working towards success within the higher education system. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 2, 187-202.
20.
Guzmán, A. M. (1996). Introduction to Our nation on the fault line: Hispanic American education. Retrieved January 30, 2005, from http://www.ed.gov/pubs/FaultLine/intro.html
21.
Harvey, W. B. (2002). Nineteenth annual status report on minorities in higher education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
22.
Helms, J. E., Malone, L. T. S., Henze, K., Satiani, A., Perry, J., & Warren, A. (2003). First annual diversity challenge: “How to survive teaching courses on race and culture”. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 31, 3-11.
23.
Ibarra, R. A. (2003). Latino/a faculty and the tenure process in cultural context. In L. Jones & J. Castellanos (Eds.), The majority in the minority: Retaining Latina/o faculty, administrators, and students in the 21st century (pp. 207-219). Sterling, VA: Stylus Books.
24.
Lifton, R. (1986). The Nazi doctors: Medical killing and the psychology of genocide. New York: Basic Books.
25.
Martinez, G. A. (2000). Mexican Americans and Whiteness. In R. Delgado & J. Stefanic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge(2nd ed.; pp. 379-383). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
26.
McConnell, E., & Delgado-Romero, E. A. (2004). Panethnic options and Latinos: Reality or methodological construction?Sociological Focus, 4, 297-312.
27.
Moody, J. (2004). Faculty diversity: Problems and solutions. New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
28.
Mulnix, M. W., Bowden, R. G., & López, E. E. (2002). A brief examination of institutional advancement activities at Hispanic Serving Institutions. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 1, 174-190.
29.
Niemann, Y. F. (1999). The making of a token: A case study of stereotype threat, stigma, racism, and tokenism in academe. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 20, 11-34.
30.
Olivas, M. A. (1996). Latino faculty at the border: Increasing numbers key to more Hispanic access. In C. S. V. Turner, M. Garcia, A. Nora, & L. I. Rendón (Eds.), Racial and ethnic diversity in higher education(pp. 376-380). Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster.
31.
Padilla, L. M. (2001). “But you are not a dirty Mexican”: Internalized oppression, Latinos & law. Texas Hispanic Journal of Law & Policy, 7, 58-113.
32.
Padilla, R. V. (2003). Barriers to accessing the professoriate. In L. Jones & J. Castellanos (Eds.), The majority in the minority: Retaining Latina/o faculty, administrators, and students in the 21st century(pp. 179-204). Sterling, VA: Stylus Books.
33.
Padilla, R. V., & Chávez, R. C. (Eds.). (1995). The leaning ivory tower: Latino professors in American universities. Albany: State University of New York Press.
34.
Plata, M. (1996). Retaining ethnic minority faculty at institutions of higher education. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 23, 221-228.
35.
Pope, M. (1996). Gay and lesbian career counseling: Special career counseling issues. In A. L. Ellis & E. D. B. Riggle (Eds.), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services(pp. 91-105). New York: Haworth.
36.
Powers, B. (1996). The impact of gay, lesbian, and bisexual workplace issues on productivity. In A. L. Ellis & E. D. B. Riggle (Eds.), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services(pp. 79-90). New York: Haworth.
37.
Reyes, M. D., & Halcón, J. J. (1996). Racism in academia: The old wolf revisited. In C. S. V. Turner, M. Garcia, A. Nora, & L. I. Rendón (Eds.), Racial and ethnic diversity in higher education(pp. 337-348). Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster.
38.
Rivas, L., Delgado-Romero, E. A., & Ozambela, K. R. (2004). Our stories: Convergence of the language, professional, and personal identities of three Latino therapists. In L. Weiling & M. Rastogi (Eds.), Voices of color: First-person accounts of ethnic minority therapists (pp. 23-41).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39.
Rodriguez, C. (2000). Changing race: Latinos, the census, and the history of ethnicity in the United States. New York: New York University Press.
40.
Root, M. P. P. (Ed.). (1996). The multiracial experience: Racial borders as the new frontier. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41.
Rosabal, G. S. (1996). Multicultural existence in the workplace: Including how I thrive as a Latina lesbian feminist. In A. L. Ellis & E. D. B. Riggle (Eds.), Sexual identity on the job: Issues and services(pp. 17-28). New York: Haworth.
42.
Shorris, E. (1992). Latinos: A biography of the people. New York: Norton.
43.
Simon, L. E. (1994). Comment: Hispanics: Not a cognizable ethnic group. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 63, 497-522.
44.
Suinn, R. M., & Witt, J. C. (1982). Survey on ethnic minority faculty recruitment and retention. American Psychologist, 42, 37-45.
45.
Trimble, J. E., Helms, J. E., & Root, M. P. P. (2003). Social and psychological perspectives on ethnic and racial identity. In G. Bernal, J. E. Trimble, A. K. Burlew, & F. T. L. Leong (Eds.), Handbook of racial & ethnic minority psychology (pp. 239-275). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2003). General demographic characteristics: Hispanic origin and race [Table]. Retrieved January 23, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Single/2003/ACS/Tabular/010/01000US1.htm
47.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2004). ACS: Subject definitions—Hispanic origin. Retrieved January 23, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/UseData/Def/Hispanic.htm
48.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2005). United States fact sheet—American fact finder. Retrieved September 27, 2006, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP1&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on
49.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2002). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in salary and other characteristics of postsecondary faculty: Fall 1998. Retrieved January 23, 2005, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002170.pdf
50.
U.S. Office of Management and Budget. (1997). Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Retrieved October 30, 1997, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html
51.
Valdes, F. (2000). Race, ethnicity, and Hispanismoin a triangular perspective: The “essential Latino/a” and LatCrit theory. UCLA Law Review, 48, 305-352.
52.
Verdugo, R. R. (1995). Racial stratification and the use of Hispanic faculty as role models: Theory, policy, and practice. Journal of Higher Education, 66(6), 669-685.
53.
Verdugo, R. R. (2003). Discrimination and merit in higher education: The Hispanic professoriate. In L. Jones & J. Castellanos (Eds.), The majority in the minority: Retaining Latina/o faculty, administrators, and students in the 21st century (pp. 241-254). Sterling, VA: Stylus Books.
54.
Villalpando, O., & Delgado Bernal, D. (2002). A critical race theory analysis of barriers that impede the success of faculty of color. In W. A. Smith, P. G. Altbach, & K. Lomotey (Eds.), The racial crisis in American higher education: Continuing challenges for the twenty-first century (Rev. ed., pp. 243-270). Albany: State University of New York Press.