Abstract
Based on (a) racial prejudice, (b) lack of steppingstone jobs, (c) welfare programs, (d) low education levels, and (e) inferior trade skills, some feel America's leading minority groups will never become full-fledged, mainstream retail participants. This study, however, found that Asian and Hispanic immigrants assimilate as they move from cities. On the contrary, post-civil rights movement African Americans and Native Americans display greater mainstream retail participation levels as they move from rural plantation and reservation areas into cities.
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